常化温度对热轧无取向硅钢组织与磁性能的影响

为研究常化温度对热轧无取向硅钢组织与织构的影响,采用光学显微镜、背电子散射衍射技术研究了不同常化温度对其影响.结果表明,实验硅钢板在700～850℃温度下常化时,随常化温度的升高,晶粒尺寸增大,有利组分α织构增强,不利组分γ织构降低.对比研究了800℃和850℃常化热轧板CSL晶界分布图与取向差分布图,在本文研究条件下,Goss织构易在Σ=3,9的CSL晶界及晶粒取向差为30° ～55°处形成.     

抗氢合金J75中低∑CSL晶界的形成与演化

以铁镍基抗氢合金J75为研究对象,采用单步形变热处理和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术,研究了低∑CSL晶界的形成和演化过程。结果表明:采用5%预变形+1000℃退火的单步形变热处理方法,可将J75合金中低∑CSL晶界的比例提升至70%以上,形成具有∑3n取向关系的晶粒团簇;退火过程中,低∑CSL晶界比例的提升主要是由于∑3n界面比例的提升,其中∑3占绝大比例。发现一种∑3再生过程,其机制在于:由于∑3ic迁移能力强,在退火过程中与其他∑3相遇会形成∑9晶界,而∑9与∑3相遇,倾向于发生∑9+∑3→∑3,导致∑3的再生;不连续大角度随机晶界(R)与低∑CSL晶界相遇会形成R/∑晶界,当R/∑晶界为低∑CSL晶界时,则构成较多具有低∑CSL晶界的网络,打断了R晶界的连通性。     

Al-Ni-Rh复杂合金相中特殊面缺陷的电子显微学研究

利用高分辨透射电子显微学方法,研究了复杂合金相ξ'-Al-Ni-Rh和ξ-Al-Ni-Rh相中一种特殊类型面缺陷.这种面缺陷的晶体学特点是,其结构特征不仅涉及描述通常晶体中面缺陷的平移矢量,而且还涉及原子团簇之间的位置交换.而后者通常出现在不具平移周期性的准晶中,称为相子缺陷.研究表明,这种特殊的面缺陷不仅呈现随机分布状态,也可周期性排列形成新的大晶胞调制结构.此外,本文还将报道与这种特殊面缺陷相关的晶界、畴界、孪晶、层错等面缺陷的研究.     

CSL model checking algorithms for QBDs

We present an in-depth treatment of model checking algorithms for a class of infinite-state continuous-time Markov chains known as quasi-birth death processes. The model class is described in detail, as well as the logic CSL to express properties of interest. Using a new property-independency concept, we provide model checking algorithms for all the CSL operators. Special emphasis is given to the time-bounded until operator for which we present a new and efficient computational procedure named uniformization with representatives. By the use of an application-driven dynamic stopping criterion, the algorithm stops whenever the property to be checked can be certified (or falsified). A comprehensive case study of a connection management system shows the versatility of our new algorithms.     

Multiscale quality assessment of Global Human Settlement Layer scenes against reference data using statistical learning

A method for quality assessment of the Global Human Settlement Layer scenes against reference data is presented. It relies on two settlement metrics; the local average and gradient functions that quantify the notions of settlement density and flexible settlement limits respectively. They are both utilized as generalization functions for increasing the level of abstraction of the sets under comparison. Generalization compensates for inaccuracies of the automatic target extraction method and can be computed at multiple scales. The comparison between the target built-up layers and the reference data employs an ordered multi-scale, linear regression computing the goodness of fit measure R²$R^2$. An optimized assessment procedure is investigated in a pilot study and is further employed in a big data exercise. A newly introduced quality metric returns the agreement between automatically extracted built-up from a set of 13605 scenes and the MODIS 500 urban layer, that was found too be as high as 91% for selected sensors. A final experiment attempts a performance increase at lower scales by correlating the target layer with automatically selected training subsets. At 50 m the adjusted R²$R^2$ increases by 3% with a mean squared error improvement of 2% compared to the performance achieved without statistical learning. The experiment suggests that the GHSL assessment at a global scale can be carried out based on limited high resolution reference data of minimal spatial coverage.     

EBSD investigation of intergranular corrosion attack on low interstitial stainless steel

Grain boundary effect on corrosion behaviour of low interstitial AISI 316LN austenitic stainless steel after homogenization and heat treatment at 700 and 800°C was investigated by means of Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) technique. Rapid oxalic acid etch test (ASTM A262‐ practice A) was used to determine steel susceptibility to intergranular corrosion. An attempt to quantify oxalic acid etch test results was also made. Beneficial effect of low carbon and nitrogen content on grain boundary precipitation and corrosion was observed. No changes neither in grain orientations nor in grain boundary types between sensitised and non‐sensitised steel states using orientation measurements were recorded. Twin boundaries were found in all samples with highest amount and only small occurrence changes. CSL categorizations showed only little increase of special boundary fractions with increasing time and temperature of heat treatment. Irrespective to annealing conditions a continued network of random boundaries was retained. Additionally, based on misorientation measurement of 50 grooved grain boundaries, a tendency for preferred attack of high angle boundaries (30–55°) was noted.     

Characterization of crystallographic properties of SMC poly Si using electron backscattered diffraction

Crystallographic properties of silicide mediated crystallization (SMC) polycrystalline silicon (poly Si) and excimer laser annealing (ELA) poly Si were studied by electron backscattered diffraction. Large‐grain sized poly Si with a large fraction of low‐angle grain boundaries was acquired by SMC, and small‐grain sized poly Si with high‐angle grain boundaries especially around 60° was acquired by ELA. The thin film transistor (TFT) device characteristics were investigated in view of short‐range crystallinity (pattern quality) and long‐range crystallinity (misorientation distribution) of the specimens. Short‐range crystallinity did not significantly affect the TFT device characteristics, and long‐range crystallinity considering the low energy level of special boundaries could be better related to the TFT device characteristics of poly Si.     

Investigation of coincident site lattice boundary criteria in Cu thin films

A statistical investigation of the coincident site lattice (CSL) Σ=3 boundaries was performed on a Cu thin film sample. The criteria used to judge whether a given boundary is a CSL boundary were evaluated. The misorientation criterion, i.e., how near a given boundary misorientation must lie to an ideal CSL misorientation, was addressed. The results showed that the amount of allowed deviation has little impact on the CSL distribution (within the range of published values for the deviation tolerance). The second criterion addressed was the alignment of the boundary plane with coherent planes in the adjoining grains. Because the measurements were made on single section planes, the orientation of a boundary plane could not be fully measured. Rather, only the orientation of the trace of a boundary plane could be measured. The deviation of the alignment of the boundary traces and the corresponding coherent plane traces were measured. The measurements showed that the choice of a tolerance for the allowed trace deviation was significant.     

EBSD characterization of carbide–carbide boundaries in WC–Co composites

A sample of WC‐6wt%Co was investigated for grain boundary character distribution and occurrence of coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries on a statistical basis. For this purpose orientation measurements of the grains were carried out using electron back‐scattered diffraction (EBSD). The dominant misorientation relationships were determined by complementary EBSD data representation tools such as orientation maps, misorientation angle distribution histograms and the sectioned three‐dimensional misorientation space. It was found that the grain boundary character distribution of the material is nearly random and the CSL boundaries are not present in statistically significant amounts. It was also found that the amount of binder phase does not play a role in the formation of special boundaries. The paper focuses on the methodology of characterizing grain boundaries in a hexagonal material using EBSD.     

利用晶界工程技术优化H68黄铜中的晶界网络

利用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和取向成像(OIM)技术研究了形变量及退火时间对H68黄铜晶界网络的影响.结果显示,形变量对处理后样品的晶界特征分布及晶粒尺寸和晶粒团簇尺寸都有显著影响,而退火时间(10 min～3 h)所产生的影响不明显;其中经5％冷轧及在550℃下退火不同时间都能够显著提高H68黄铜的低∑CSL晶界比例到80％以上,晶界网络中形成了大尺寸的互有∑3n(n=1,2,3……)取向关系晶粒的团簇.