天然气脱汞吸附剂的制备及其性能评价

天然气中含汞会对天然气的开发及使用带来危害，实验采用固定床吸附法脱除天然气中的汞。实验以Al₂O₃和活性炭复合颗粒为载体，通过浸渍法负载S、CuS和CuS _x 多组分活性物，制备了天然气脱汞吸附剂，考察了制备工艺条件的影响。采用X射线衍射检测（XRD）与扫描电镜（SEM）对活性物负载情况进行了表征。结果表明，在载体上成功负载了CuS和S，其中CuS质量分数为12.80%，总S质量分数为8.32%。以含汞空气模拟含汞天然气，考察了进气口汞含量、停留时间对脱汞吸附剂脱汞效果的影响。结果表明，脱汞剂处理汞含量为300μg/m³的天然气，停留时间为1s时，出口汞含量为24.99μg/m³，已达到工业天然气要求。当停留时间为2s、进气口汞含量达到600μg/m³时，经脱汞剂脱汞后，出口汞含量为18.92μg/m³，达到小于28μg/m³要求。脱汞吸附剂的汞容量达到6.36%。     

Effect of rare earth addition on Cu-Fe/AC adsorbents for phosphine adsorption from yellow phosphorous tail gas

Phosphine(PH3) is a highly toxic air pollutant,commonly produced in phosphorous chemical industry.But it has received less research attention due to its handling difficultly.CO is the main content of the phosphorous chemical industry tail gas,the concentration of which is always more than 80 vol.%,and it can be the feed gas to produce various valuable products such as formate,oxalate,and methanol and so on.But,PH3 is one of the important barriers,which is harmful to the following chemical process.In order to make use of the tail gas,PH3 should be removed firstly,and CO should be covered in the whole purified procedure at the same time.In this work,the modified activated carbon(MAC) was used as the adsorbent to separate PH3 from the mixture tail gas.Series of MAC adsorbents were prepared for the adsorption of PH3,which loaded Cu-Fe and Ce(La),or separately.The PH3 adsorption capacities,chemical and physical properties of MAC were all investigated.The results showed that over 99% PH3 adsorption efficiency was achieved when used MAC adsorbents.The removal efficiency and PH3 adsorption capacity of the Cu-Fe-Ce/AC(20:1:0.4) were both much higher than those modified activated carbons.The maximum PH3 adsorption capacity was 71 mg of PH3/g of MAC on the Cu-Fe-Ce/AC,which were much higher than literature data using CuO only for adsorbing hydride gases.     

滴定-凝胶法制备球形水凝胶吸附材料及其在废水处理中的应用

滴定-凝胶法制备球形水凝胶吸附材料具有3D倒漏斗状微观形貌结构,孔径分布宽泛,对水体中重金属、染料等污染物具有快速响应机制,已被广泛用于水处理过程研究。综述了滴制法制备球形水凝胶吸附材料的主要过程机理、水凝胶具有的特殊形貌结构及其在水处理过程中的应用,分析了球形水凝胶吸附材料在水处理应用过程中存在的问题和局限,并指出了其在水处理领域的应用前景及发展方向。     

湖北双河硒矿地质特征及成因浅析

本文介绍了双河硒矿地质特征、分布规律;阐述了成矿与碳酸盐台地海盆浅部沼泽(主要为藻沼)环境中局部出现的黑色炭质硅质岩相有关;矿质来源与火山活动有关;探讨了成矿机制;提出了该硒矿属于沉积-成岩-表生层控成因。     

四川广旺地区石煤资源开发利用研究

四川广旺含钒石煤主矿层属品位较富的钒矿资源，研究表明石煤中钒主要以Ｖ（Ⅲ）形式赋存于粘土矿物里。提钒过程中，焙烧是关键。它直接影响石煤中Ｖ（Ⅲ）向Ｖ（Ｖ）的价态转化率（ηｖ（ｖ））、Ｖ（Ｖ）进一步向可溶性的钒的转化率（η焙）及钒的浸出与沉淀。采用复合钠盐（ＮａＣｌ＋Ｎａ２ＳＯ４）焙烧比单一钠盐可提高焙烧转化率２％－５％。焙烧过程中钒的价态转化率与焙烧转化率存在着内在联系。     

非金属矿物吸附剂在水处理方面的应用

粘土类非金属矿物具有良好的吸附和离子交换性能,在水处理方面有广阔的应用前景。各国研究者都对它们展开了大量的研究,以期取代价格昂贵的活性炭。本文介绍了几种常见矿物吸附剂的研究现状。     

多壁碳纳米管负载FeS2的制备及脱汞性能分析

采用硝酸铁与硫脲在溶剂热反应条件下制备FeS₂,利用物理浸渍法将FeS₂负载至多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）上,借助扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、X光电子能谱（XPS）等分析测试手段对制备样品的结构特性进行探究,通过固定床反应器研究模拟烟气氛围下吸附剂对烟气中单质汞的吸附特性。实验考察了不同FeS₂负载量、烟气初始汞浓度、床层温度以及O₂、NO和SO₂对吸附剂脱汞效率的影响。结果表明,制备出的FeS₂分散性较好,呈球状晶体,表面均匀覆盖着MWCNTs,成团簇状。当负载量为10%、反应温度为70℃时,FeS₂/MWCNTs的吸附效果最好,最高脱除效率能达到100%,60min后脱除效率仍有80.3%。TPD脱附曲线和XPS分析结果进一步表明烟气中的Hg⁰被氧化成Hg²⁺以HgS的形式附着在吸附剂表面,证实吸附剂以化学吸附为主。此外,汞脱除效率随初始汞浓度的增加而降低,汞吸附容量却随之增加,60min最高能达到5.1μg/g。酸性气体NO和SO₂的存在,占据了吸附剂表面的活性点位,不利于Hg⁰的吸附,但低浓度NO对吸附剂的整体效果影响不大,抗NO性能较好。     

污水处理厂污泥制备生物炭及应用的研究进展

以污泥为原料制备生物炭是实现污泥资源化利用的途径之一,具有成本低、方法简单等优点。为了推动污泥制备生物炭技术的发展和应用,本文从制备方法、影响因素和应用领域等方面总结和归纳了污水处理厂污泥制备生物炭的研究现状,阐述了污泥生物炭不同制备方法及其优缺点,详细分析了不同影响因素对污泥生物炭产率、比表面积、孔径大小和孔径分布等特点的影响,总结了污泥生物炭在环境和农业领域的应用情况,提出了目前污泥制备生物炭技术存在的生物炭产率低、重金属易析出和生产批次差异等问题,并指出了今后的发展方向。     

对氨基苯甲酸生产废水的树脂吸附预处理

采用超高交联吸附树脂处理芳香两性化合物对氨基苯甲酸(PABA)生产废水,通过静态吸附、动态吸附-脱附实验,研究确定了最佳的吸附-脱附工艺条件。结果表明,在常温和2 BV/h的吸附流量条件下,原废水不用调节pH值,直接经JX-101树脂吸附处理20 BV后,CODC r可从6 000 mg/L左右降至700 mg/L左右,CODC r去除率达88%以上,PABA的吸附去除率达99%以上。采用1 BV 8%氨水溶液 1 BV 4%氨水溶液 2 BV水作脱附剂,在313 K脱附温度和1 BV/h脱附流量的条件下,树脂脱附性能良好。该工艺简单,运行稳定,操作简便,可回收有用物质,有望实现工业化。     

The surface carboxyl group of carbonaceous microspheres effects on the synthesis and structure of SiOC ceramics

In this study, C/SiOC and C/SiO₂ composites were prepared by using carbonaceous microspheres with different surface functional groups. Carbonaceous microspheres based on hydrothermal reaction of glucose contains hydroxyl group, while the surface carboxyl group increases after NaOH etching. The hydroxyl group increases the oxygen-enriched structural units of SiOC ceramics, and the C spheres are closely enwrapped in SiOC matrix after pyrolysis at 900 °C. However, the interfacial reaction of surface carboxyl with Si–OH results in the formation of cristobalite SiO₂, and C spheres are not only encased inside the SiOC matrix, but also dispersed outside of SiOC ceramics. After removal of C via calcination at 500 °C for 5 h, C/SiOC and C/SiO₂ composites are transformed into amorphous SiO₂ and cristobalite SiO₂, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis indicates the oxidation resistance of SiOC is superior to that of C and SiO₂.