Distinguishing the medicinal herb Oldenlandia diffusa from similar species of the same genus using fluorescence microscopy

The light microscope is routinely used for microscopic identification of Chinese Materia Medica (CMM). However, the fluorescence microscope has not been used for this purpose until now. The CMM, Baihuasheshecao, mostly used as a component of herb tea, is a well known folk-medicine in China. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, its source is the species Oldenlandia diffusa (Willd.) Roxb. Two other species of the same genus, namely O. corymbosa (L.) Lam and O. tenelliflora Bl., had been found in use as Baihuasheshecao. To find a quick and easy method to distinguish O. diffusa from these similar species of the same genus, the fluorescence microscope was used to investigate the fluorescence emission characteristics of the three tissues, which were compared with light microscopy images of the same material. The results showed that some tissues of the three herbs emit autofluorescence. Specially, the wall of endoderm cells of O. diffusa and O. tenelliflora emit autofluorescence, while similar tissue of O. corymbosa does not. Hence, fluorescence microscopy can be helpful in the identification of CMM.     

荸荠茎尖组织培养增殖影响因素分析

以影响荸荠茎尖组织培养增殖的三要素6-BA、糖和pH值进行实验研究,分别对处理间和对照的芽苗增殖数进行统计和方差分析。实验结果表明：在MS液体培养基中,添加6-BA质量浓度为1.0 mg.L-1、NAA质量浓度为0.1 mg.L-1、糖质量浓度为65 g.L-1,pH值4.7～5.2,培养30 d荸荠茎尖增殖的芽苗数最多,叶状茎健壮。     

粗壮女贞及其产品营养成分与活性成分比较

该文以粗壮女贞为研究对象,通过标准方法分别对原叶（Ligustrum robustum(Roxb.) Blume,LR）及其产品（Ligustrum robustum(Roxb.) Blume Products,LRP）中的营养成分与活性成分进行分析比较。结果表明：一般营养成分中,LR的蛋白质含量（9.23 g/100 g）远高于LRP(8.01 g/100 g),LR中灰分含量（3.90 g/100 g）较高于LRP(3.10 g/100 g),水分和粗纤维含量二者相差不大。LR和LRP中EAA/TAA分别为40.30%和43.98%,EAA/NEAA分别为67.48%和78.50%,∑n6 PUFA/∑n3 PUFA比值分别为0.13和0.12。同时,LR和LRP富含多种矿物质元素和维生素,LR中Ca含量（7 646.67 mg/kg）最高,LRP中K含量（5 576.67 mg/kg）最高,二者VE含量分别高达37.10 mg/100 g和27.50 mg/100 g。此外,LR和LRP主要活性成分为粗多糖、茶多酚、总黄酮和总皂苷,除茶多酚含量均为14.30 g/100 g以外,...     

An antioxidant protein in Curcuma comosa Roxb. Rhizomes

Curcuma comosa Roxb. is an indigenous Thai herb which is usually used as a food ingredient but it is also used in traditional folk medicine for the treatment of uterine inflammation. The crude protein extract from the rhizomes of this plant was found to possess free radical scavenging capacity, as detected by the DPPH assay. This antioxidant activity was purified by DEAE anion exchange chromatography to a fraction (called IE-1) that was comprised of a single main protein band of ∼18 kDa (UB-DEAE), as determined by SDS–PAGE resolution with Coomassie blue staining, and had a specific activity of 193.8 U/mg. In-gel trypsin digestion of the SDS–PAGE resolved UB-DEAE band followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry produced three reliably sequenced peptides, which all were found to very likely be fragments of a superoxide dismutase homologue (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), an antioxidant enzyme that has been found in several plants. In support of this notion, the IE-1 fraction was found to yield positive results with the riboflavin–nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay, a standard test for SOD-like activity. Together, these data then support the existence of an SOD homologue antioxidant protein in the rhizomes of C. comosa as a contributing agent to the total observed antioxidant activity.     

应用 CO_2 超临界流体从二种卫矛科植物中分离三萜成分

本文应用ＣＯ２超临界流体从二种卫矛科植物中进行三萜成分的分离,分别从独籽藤（ＣｅｌａｓｔｒｕｓｍｏｎｏｓｐｅｒｍｕｓＲｏｘｂ）和巧茶（ＣａｔｈａｅｄｕｌｉｓＦｏｒｓｋ）中各分离出４种三萜成分,并应用波谱方法进行了结构鉴定．     

蛤蒌叶提取物抗氧化活性研究

目的探究不同提取条件下,蛤蒌叶提取物的抗氧化活性。方法在不同提取条件下,采用匀浆-超声波法对蛤蒌叶进行粗提取,并对不同提取物的DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)自由基清除能力进行分析。结果蛤蒌叶乙醇提取物对DPPH有较好的清除作用,当乙醇浓度为100%、提取温度为55℃、提取时间为8 h时,蛤蒌叶提取物对DPPH自由基的清除效果较佳。在较佳的提取条件下蛤蒌叶提取物的黄酮含量为62.29 mg/g、多酚含量为61.83 mg/g、多糖含量为391.43 mg/g、蛋白质含量为62.28 mg/g。结论蛤蒌叶乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性优于水提取物,当乙醇浓度达到100%时抗氧化活性最强,且乙醇提取物的黄酮、多酚和蛋白质含量要明显高于水提物,两者的多糖含量则相当。     

基于傅里叶变换红外光谱法的土茯苓真伪鉴别及溯源研究

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法,建立红外指纹图谱和二阶导数图谱对30 批土茯苓样品及其常见混用品进行鉴别分析,以期创立一种快速、有效鉴别土茯苓真伪的方法。研究确定了土茯苓的红外指纹特征及其与混用品的区别,根据红外特征可很好区分土茯苓真品与其常见混用品;同时利用红外二阶导数图谱的差异,尝试对若干产自广西与广东两地土茯苓进行了溯源分类探索。结果证明,利用红外指纹图谱结合二阶导数图谱的方法可实现对土茯苓与其伪品间的区分鉴别,可为广西、广东两省区的土茯苓溯源研究提供参考,该方法专属性强、快速、稳定、对药材无损伤。     

乌桕梓油酶法制备生物柴油的研究

分析了乌桕梓油和皮油的基本理化特性和脂肪酸组成。同时,以乌桕梓油为原料油,以杂醇油为酰基受体,初步探讨了脂肪酶催化制备生物柴油的研究,比较了无溶剂体系和叔丁醇体系合成生物柴油的效果。结果表明,乌桕梓油和皮油的基本理化性质差异明显,从两者脂肪酸组成分析,它们均适合于用作生物柴油原料。对于无溶剂体系和叔丁醇体系而言,当Novozym 435与Lipozyme TLIM脂肪酶复合比例为2∶4时,生物柴油转化率达到最高,分别为98.279%和76.334%。     

苦皮藤籽油脂肪酸组成分析

湖北不同地区苦皮滕籽的千粒重有所不同，但含油量基本相同。采用气相色谱法对苦皮藤籽油的脂肪酸组成及含量进行了分析，并与同科的2种植物和其他2种杀虫植物籽油的脂肪酸组成及含量相比较。结果表明，苦皮藤籽油的不饱和脂肪酸较高达71．1％；亚麻酸为18．2％，远远高于其他几种植物。该结果为充分利用苦皮藤这一资源提供了科学依据。     

乌桕叶水溶性多糖蛋白复合体及其组成的研究

为了查明乌桕叶水溶性多糖成分，采用溶剂提取分离，Sephadex G—100纯化并测分子量，UV—Visible光谱检测组分，UV、IR测定其连接方式，PC、TLC、IEC测定其组成及比例。结果表明：该水溶性多糖为糖蛋白复合体，平均分子量为53000；多糖与蛋白质组成比为94：6；含有半乳糖、葡萄糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖，单糖摩尔组成比为25：24：18：3l：2；蛋白质部分以甘氨酸、丙氨酸、丝氨酸等中性氨基酸为主。含有O—型糖肽键和α-糖苷键。同时还测定了其抗氧化活性。乌桕叶含有一种以多糖成分为主的中性杂多糖蛋白复合体，且具有较强的清除羟自由基活性。