氧化镧改善钨材料性能的研究现状

制备钨合金面临着再结晶温度低、韧脆转变温度高、高温强度低及寿命短等问题。稀土氧化物氧化镧(La2O3)添加到钨合金内,再结晶温度提高、韧脆转变温度下降、高温强度提高,所以钨材料内添加La2O3是最近几年国内外的热门研究课题之一。主要介绍了高温强度强、再结晶温度低、寿命长的W-La2O3合金的最佳La2O3添加含量以及改善这些性质的一些方法,最后指出了该合金待解决的一些问题及其发展趋势。     

细化晶粒对改善MGH956合金板材低温脆性的影响

通过对比粗、细两种晶粒组织状态的MGH956合金板材,在光滑和缺口拉伸条件下的韧脆转变温度(Ductile-BrittleTransition Temperature,DBTT),及高温持久性能,研究了细化晶粒对改善MGH956合金板材低温脆性的作用,及高温持久强度的影响。结果表明:细化晶粒有效地改善了MGH956合金板材的低温脆性,明显降低其DBTT,在应力集中程度极高的缺口拉伸条件下,细晶板材的DBTT仍可保持在-15℃以下,同时具有较高的高温持久强度。     

双相区热处理对A508-3钢的冲击性能及断口形貌的影响

采用Charpy（V型缺口）试样对A508-3钢调质处理试样和双相区热处理试样在-196～20℃温度范围内进行示波冲击试验,用扫描电镜对冲击断口形貌进行观察,研究了冲击温度对两种热处理制度下该钢的冲击性能和断口形貌的影响。调质处理试样随着温度的降低,其冲击功和侧膨胀量急剧降低,断裂方式从韧脆混合断裂变为脆性断裂,断口形貌中纤维区和剪切唇面积不断减少,放射区面积相应增大;双相区热处理试样在-20～-100℃冲击时,其冲击功和侧膨胀量改变甚小,断裂方式为全韧性断裂,断口形貌全部为剪切唇和纤维区组成,随着温度的继续降低,冲击功和侧膨胀量开始急剧下降,断裂方式变为韧脆混合断裂,断口形貌出现放射区,放射区微观特征为准解理。与调质处理相比,该钢经双相区热处理后冲击性能大大提高,韧脆转变温度急剧降低。     

热处理对20钢韧脆转变温度的影响

针对煤炭行业常用的20钢冻结管的作业环境,参考低温用管的有关标准,对热轧态及不同正火状态下的20钢冻结管的拉伸性能和低温冲击韧性进行检验分析,并采用Origin软件拟合20钢的韧脆转变温度曲线.分析结果表明：经过860℃、880℃、910℃正火后,20钢的韧脆转变温度下降到-30～-20℃;正火态的组织晶粒度比热轧态的粗大,但正火后20钢的低温冲击性能大幅度提高.     

A Novel Mechanism of Embrittlement Affecting the Impact Reliability of Tin-Based Lead-Free Solder Joints

This work addresses a new mode of brittle failure that occurs in the bulk of tin-based lead-free solder joints, unlike the typical brittle failures that occur in the interfacial intermetallics. Brittle failures in the joint bulk result from the low-temperature ductile-to-brittle transition in the fracture behavior of β-tin. The bulk embrittlement of these joints is discussed by referring to the results of impact tests performed on both solder joints and bulk solder specimens. The mechanism of bulk embrittlement is largely explained based on the results of a fractography study performed on the bulk joint failures using scanning electron microscopy.     

汽车钢板二次加工脆化试验及其在宝钢的应用

汽车钢板二次加工脆化试验是评价汽车钢板使用性能的一项重要试验.评价指标一般采用二次加工脆化温度(DBTT).选具有代表性的汽车用宝钢IF钢板,取不同的试验样杯尺寸、样杯拉延比、样杯圆角半径、冲制样杯时润滑剂、落锤高度等,对汽车钢板二次加工脆化试验的影响因素进行研究.并将宝钢原有的试验方法与GM9920P试验方法及试验结果进行对比分析,得出了两者的近似换算关系.本研究在完善GM9920P标准的同时,创建了宝钢的GM二次加工脆化试验方法,以"GM二次加工脆化检验作业指导书"的形式给出.     

核反应堆压力容器的辐照脆化与延寿评估

核反应堆中辐照导致压力容器钢脆化使韧脆转变温度(DBTT)升高,从而危及压力容器安全运行,最终导致反应堆寿命终止.本文简要介绍了压力容器钢辐照脆化机制、在役反应堆的安全性监测、模拟预测DBTT的升高和反应堆延寿评估.     

Tensile and Charpy impact properties of an ODS ferritic/martensitic steel 9Cr–1.8W–0.5Ti–0.35Y2O3

A 9Cr-ODS ferritic/martensitic steel with a composition of 9Cr–1.8W–0.5Ti–0.35Y₂O₃ was fabricated by mechanical alloying and hot isostatic pressing, followed by hot rolling. Tensile properties were measured at room temperature (23 °C) and 700 °C in the rolling direction (LT) and the transverse direction (TL). The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the as-rolled samples in both directions reached 990 MPa at 23 °C, and still maintained at 260 MPa at 700 °C. The tensile strength and elongation of the rolling direction was greater than that of the transverse direction. The Charpy impact was tested from −100 to 100 °C in the LT direction. The lower shelf energy (LSE) was more than 65% of the upper shelf energy (USE). The total absorbed energy was separated into the energies for crack initiation and propagation. The propagation energy was always higher than the initiation energy in the range of temperatures tested. The ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of the rolled 9Cr ODS evaluated by an absorbed energy curve was about 0 °C. However, the high LSE and the fracture surface that still contained dimples at lower shelf indicated good toughness of the as-rolled 9Cr ODS steels at temperature of −60 °C.     

Fracture strength evaluation of welded steel joint by means of small punch test

It has been well known that the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of each weld structure or its shift (ΔDBTT) from parent material is one of the very useful measures of the fracture characteristics in steel weldment. In order to present an applicability of small punch (SP) test technique to weldments, in this study, a fracture strength of microstructure at any localized region of interest on HAZ, weld metal and parent material in two steels was evaluated by using DBTT or ΔDBTT obtained from the SP test in relation to the data obtained from the COD test. The empirical correlation, (ΔDBTT) _SP ⋟0.55 (ΔDBTT) _COD , was obtained from the SP and COD test. In addition, the effects of test materials, that is the microstructures of welded region and the orientations of specimens etc, did not appear at the empirical correlation.     

Evaluation of fracture strength and material degradation for weldment of high temperature service steel using advanced small punch test

This paper presents an effective and reliable evaluation method for fracture strength and material degradation of the micro-structure of high temperature service steel weldment using advanced small punch (ASP) test developed from conventional small punch (CSP) test. For the purpose of the ASP test, a lower die with a minimized Φ1.5 mm diameter loading ball and an optimized deformation guide hole of Φ3 mm diameter were designed. The behaviors of fracture energy (E_sp), ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) and material degradation from the ASP test showed a definite dependency on the micro-structure of weldment. Results obtained from ASP test were compared and reviewed with results from CSP test, Charpy impact test, and hardness test. The utility and reliability of the proposed ASP test were verified by investigating fracture strength, behavior of DBTT, and fracture location of each micro-structure of steel weldment for test specimen in ASP test. It was observed that the fracture toughness in the micro-structure of FL + CGHAZ and ICHAZ decreased remarkably with increasing aging time. From studies of all micro-structures, it was observed that FGH AZ microstructure has the most excellent fracture toughness, and it showed absence of material degradation.