哈里斯微波监控系统在江铜的应用

本文详细介绍了江铜微波监控系统的组成以及对各分站设备与外围情况的监控应用。     

基于并联机构的三维动力吸振器各向同性设计及减振特性研究

针对动力机械设备的多维线谱耦合振动控制问题,提出一种基于并联机构的三维动力吸振器,它具有模块化、附加质量小等优点。构造出采用一组关节坐标刻画的动力学方程,在此基础上推导出该新型动力吸振器的模态解析解,得到动力学各向同性条件,并据此设计出一款可抑制50 Hz线谱振动的动力吸振器。探讨了该动力吸振器在动力机械设备多维线谱耦合振动控制中的有效性及优势。分析结果表明：不同于单向动力吸振器仅能抑制其自由度方向的线谱振动,新型三维动力吸振器在三个垂直方向上对50 Hz附近线谱振动的最大减振效果均高于7 dB。     

转子/密封系统失稳振动抑制的动力吸振方法研究

针对密封中流体引起转子/密封系统振动失稳的问题。提出采用动力吸振器(DVA)实现转子/密封系统失稳振动抑制。建立转子/密封-DVA系统非线性微分方程,采用数值方法求解并获得附加DVA前后转子/密封系统的非线性特性;根据Hurwitz判据获得系统的临界稳定条件;通过遗传算法优化DVA参数,获得附加优化DVA前后转子/密封系统稳定性。结果表明:附加DVA能够改变转子/密封系统失稳振动频率和失稳阈值;在一定的转速范围内失稳振动被完全抑制;在不完全抑制的转速范围内,附加DVA能降低失稳振动的振幅。     

基于随机激励响应的时变系统物理参数子空间识别方法研究

该文提出了一种基于任意组合的DVA(displacement,velocity and acceleration)及输入激励识别时变系统物理参数的子空间方法。该方法以任意组合的位移、速度、加速度(DVA)随机响应信号为测量信息,仅利用一组输入、输出信号组成Hankel矩阵,通过奇异值分解的方法识别出等效状态的系统矩阵,然后运用推导出来的通用时变系统的转换矩阵,将等效状态系统矩阵转换成为实际物理状态下的系统矩阵,从而识别出实际系统的质量矩阵、刚度矩阵、阻尼矩阵。以二自由度弹簧-质量-阻尼模型为算例,研究了突变、线性变化和周期变化三种变化形式下物理参数的识别,并讨论了不同噪信比下噪声对识别结果的影响,仿真算例验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

用于飞轮微振动抑制的黏弹性-干摩擦阻尼环设计

工程界采用阻尼环抑制飞轮的发射段振动放大和在轨微振动,其抑振机理之一为动力吸振器。受飞轮工作环境的宽域温差影响,阻尼环中采用的黏弹性材料的阻尼和刚度性能将发生变化,破坏有阻尼动力吸振器工作的最优参数条件。针对该问题,进一步研究阻尼环各界面可能存在的干摩擦阻尼的影响机理。建立了黏弹性-干摩擦阻尼环-飞轮系统的多自由度集中参数模型,首先不考虑干摩擦阻尼,根据飞轮系统的有效模态质量确定了黏弹性阻尼环的最优参数;然后以该最优参数为初值,利用遗传算法得到了干摩擦阻尼环和黏弹性-干摩擦阻尼环的最优参数。对比分析了黏弹性阻尼环、干摩擦阻尼环和黏弹性-干摩擦阻尼环在最优参数及非最优参数下飞轮传递到基础的扰动力响应。结果表明,干摩擦阻尼能进一步拓宽黏弹性阻尼环的抑振频率范围,并提高其鲁棒性。     

A review on the temporal pattern of deer–vehicle accidents: Impact of seasonal,diurnal and lunar effects in cervids

The increasing number of deer–vehicle-accidents (DVAs) and the resulting economic costs have promoted numerous studies on behavioural and environmental factors which may contribute to the quantity, spatiotemporal distribution and characteristics of DVAs. Contrary to the spatial pattern of DVAs, data of their temporal pattern is scarce and difficult to obtain because of insufficient accuracy in available datasets, missing standardization in data aquisition, legal terms and low reporting rates to authorities. Literature of deer–traffic collisions on roads and railways is reviewed to examine current understanding of DVA temporal trends. Seasonal, diurnal and lunar peak accident periods are identified for deer, although seasonal pattern are not consistent among and within species or regions and data on effects of lunar cycles on DVAs is almost non-existent. Cluster analysis of seasonal DVA data shows nine distinct clusters of different seasonal DVA pattern for cervid species within the reviewed literature. Studies analyzing the relationship between time-related traffic predictors and DVAs yield mixed results. Despite the seasonal dissimilarity, diurnal DVA pattern are comparatively constant in deer, resulting in pronounced DVA peaks during the hours of dusk and dawn frequently described as bimodal crepuscular pattern. Behavioural aspects in activity seem to have the highest impact in DVAs temporal trends. Differences and variations are related to habitat-, climatic- and traffic characteristics as well as effects of predation, hunting and disturbance. Knowledge of detailed temporal DVA pattern is essential for prevention management as well as for the application and evaluation of mitigation measures.     

半主动控制接地式动力吸振器参数优化及性能比较

将半主动开关型控制策略应用到接地式动力吸振器中,并进行性能分析和参数优化.首先,利用平均法求得两种半主动接地式动力吸振器的近似解析解,并与相应数值解对比,验证了解析解的正确性与高精度.然后,对两种半主动控制接地式动力吸振器进行参数优化,获得系统最优控制结果和对应最优参数,确定了半主动控制最优控制策略,对影响优化结果的三个关键参数进行了特性分析.最后,和另外两种传统吸振器对比,用随机激励进一步验证了半主动开关位移-速度控制策略(On-off DBG)最为有效.     

Random vibrations of a structure modified by damped absorbers

The problem of reducing the level of vibrations in various constructions has been considered for many years. This is an important element of analyzing the technical condition of buildings and the comfort of users. Various ways and means of preventing unacceptable vibrations are known and the search for an optimal absorber is still ongoing. Different kinds of vibration absorbers are applied for reducing the vibration level in various engineering structures. Vibrations caused by traffic do not pose a threat to a structure, but are often a nuisance for people. There is a need to reduce them, especially in cities where there is more traffic. In order to be able to analyze an excited structure, traffic was modeled. A model that is a structure and an absorber system with two degrees of freedom is proposed in the paper. The first eigenfrequency of the structure was included in the analysis. As a result, the authors obtained closed equations of motion. The work examines the problem of the absorber effect on the vibrations of traffic-induced structures. It was assumed that the shocks occurring at random moments, and which form the Poisson process, are determined by random amplitude, a deterministic shape function and two different forms of envelope functions. The problem was discussed in the field of correlation theory and spectral density function. Numerical analysis of the displacement of the two-degree system is considered.     

动力吸振器在动力总成振动控制中的应用

针对某轻型客车动力总成振动过大的问题,对其进行了试验测试与局部结构模态分析。分析得到,发动机激励与动力总成的托臂及其悬置组成的刚体振动系统的固有频率接近,引起了系统共振;同时,探讨了动力吸振器的设计方法,设计了相应的阻尼式动力吸振器,并将其应用于该车动力总成中。实车试验结果表明,该吸振器能够有效地控制动力总成的振动。理论分析及试验方法对同类工程问题具有一定的参考价值。     

板结构多模态动力吸振设计方法

针对海洋平台动力吸振研究中存在的多模态耦合振动吸振效果差的问题,研究抑制平台板结构振动的动力吸振器的设计方法。以薄板为具体研究对象,建立薄板与动力吸振器的数学模型,分析动力吸振器质量比的选择问题,讨论在离散模态和密集模态两种情况下动力吸振器的最佳安装位置,给出动力吸振器阻尼比和频率比的优化设计公式。在上述研究基础上,总结平台板结构动力吸振方法。以一个舱室仿真模型为应用对象,对参与舱壁振动的5阶模态进行振动控制,减振效果最高为92.2%。对动力吸振器进行补正设计后,针对第一、第五阶模态的减振效果分别提升0.9个百分点和6.1个百分点。上述结果验证了平台板结构动力吸振方法的有效性,该方法对海洋平台的振动防护具有一定的指导意义。