Evidential reasoning-based Fuzzy AHP approach for the evaluation of design alternatives’ environmental performances

With the growing general awareness of the need to protect the environment as well as the increasingly stringent regulatory requirements imposed by various national and cross-national bodies, manufacturers have to minimise the environmental impacts of their products. Environmental considerations have therefore become a new key criterion for evaluating design alternatives during the product development stage. To facilitate non-Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) experts, such as most product designers, in evaluating the design alternatives in terms of environmental friendliness, this paper introduces a decision-making mechanism that combines the multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) approaches with LCA methodology. This evidential reasoning-based approach is a fast-track and objective tool which ranks the available design alternatives according to their potential environmental impacts. The environmental impacts of design alternatives assessed by the LCA are used for the weight elicitation processes of the proposed approach. A case application is conducted to illustrate the use of the proposed method to evaluate the environmental performances of design alternatives.     

现代城市"生态街道"设计初探

回顾了城市街道空间设计的演变历程 ,分析了城市“生态街道”的内涵 ,提出了建设现代城市“生态街道”的设计准则 ,指出城市街道的生态化设计是城市街道的发展方向     

浙江南浔医院的创作思维

设计着力于环境品质的优化与提高，体现了“以人为中心”的设计思考，并充分尊重地方文脉，从全新的视角诠释了水乡建筑的内在本质。     

略论大城市“都市型农业”的发展与城市规划

本文论述了“都市型农业”产生的时代背景 ;对“都市型农业”的内涵和特征进行了理性思维和探索 ;展望了我国大城市“都市型农业”的发展前景 ;面对 2 1世纪“都市型农业”的发展 ,探讨了城市规划的新思维新理念     

覆土就势 自然过渡 提升创新——韶山毛泽东同志纪念馆改造概念设计

纪念馆兼有文化性和时代性,它既要强调文化传统和当地文脉,又要体现展览建筑的时代特色。建筑设计应注重简洁、朴实和高品格,而不在于材料、装修的豪华及过分做作的造型。该方案设计采用覆土建筑形式,同时与生态、节能联系在一起,充分利用建筑空间,营造宜人的展览氛围。     

广场生态景观与环境的共生 ——以重庆合川市人民广场景 观设计为例

广场作为城市重要的集会休闲场所,它的生态环保问题也越来越为人们所关注。本文以合川市人民广场的景观设计为例,探讨场地与城市生态空间、周边水环境之间的联系,通过把广场生态性纳入城市生态系统,与环境共生,从而达到生态平衡的状态。     

畅神于自然山水文化之间--济源市济渎苑规划分析

济渎苑规划以中国传统自然山水审美思想为理念，合理利用水源条件，围绕亲水、戏水、乐水、山水文化主线进行组景，是将山水文化融入园林空间创伤的探索与尝试。     

Ecological effects of diffuse mixed pollution are site-specific and require higher-tier risk assessment to improve site management decisions: a discussion paper

Many Dutch ecosystems, whether terrestrial, aquatic or sediment-based, are diffusely polluted by mixtures of contaminants, whose concentrations often exceed regulatory Safe Values or other generic quality criteria. This situation has unclear consequences, especially when local authorities are confronted with such pollution. Water managers are frequently in doubt whether their water systems satisfy the criteria for ‘Good Ecological Status’ as defined in the EU's Water Framework Directive. In case of soils, soil users may wonder whether the soil is ‘fit for use’. In case of nature conservation, the problem is that protected species might suffer from toxic stress. Official regulations in these cases call for appropriate action, but it is unclear whether the diffuse exposure causes adverse effects, and what the action should be. This paper proposes and discusses a site-oriented approach in the risk assessment of diffusely contaminated sites that can be used in addition to the compound-oriented policies from which the abovementioned generic quality criteria were derived. The site-oriented approach can be of help in reducing site-specific risks of diffuse contamination.Reflecting on the results of a large Dutch research effort in systems-oriented ecotoxicological effects, the conclusion is drawn that exposure and effects of diffuse pollution are site-specific in kind and magnitude, determined by the local combination of source-pathway-receptor issues, and often not clearly detectable (though often present). To assist in risk management, higher-tier methods can address various aspects, like addressing local mixture composition, bioavailability, and sensitivity of local species groups. Higher-tier risk assessment methods have as yet been developed mainly for cases of serious contamination, like for pesticide management and Risk-Based Land Management. For diffuse pollution, site-specific information can also be used to obtain site-specific exposure and impact information, while practical and ecology-based approaches can be introduced to obtain an integrated overview of the meaning of site contamination and to derive options for managing and reducing the local risks. These issues are discussed against the background of current major policy shifts, in The Netherlands and elsewhere, from a pollutant-oriented assessment to an additional ecological and site-oriented assessment. The latter is most clearly represented in the Good Ecological Status aim of the EU-Water Framework Directive. The paper assesses, integrates and discusses the results of the Dutch research effort in this policy context.     

Acoustic of monolithic dome structures

Monolithic dome structures were built in the 1970s in Europe and America. These dome structures share common benefits of being cost-efficient, earth-friendly, extremely durable, and easily maintained. Monolithic shells are easily constructed and are extremely cost-effective. Monolithic domes respond efficiently to any climate, even to extremely cold or hot temperatures. In terms of utility savings, monolithic domes can cut electricity consumption by up to one-third, thereby saving 60–70% of total energy costs. Moreover, monolithic structures provide the highest survivability rates from destructions. The interior of monolithic domes have perfect, concave shapes to ensure that sound travels through the dome and perfectly collected at different vocal points. These dome structures are utilized for domestic use because the scale allows the focal points to be positioned across daily life activities, thereby affecting the soni ccomfort of the internal space. This study examines the various acoustic treatments and parametric configurations of monolithic dome sizes. A geometric relationship of acoustic treatment and dome radius is established to provide architects guidelines on the correct selection of absorption needed to maintain the acoustic comfort of these special spaces.