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1.
Crowdsourcing technology offers exciting possibilities for local governments. Specifically, citizens are increasingly taking part in reporting and discussing issues related to their neighborhood and problems they encounter on a daily basis, such as overflowing trash-bins, broken footpaths and lifts, illegal graffiti, and potholes. Pervasive citizen participation enables local governments to respond more efficiently to these urban issues. This interaction between citizens and municipalities is largely promoted by civic engagement platforms, such as See-Click-Fix, FixMyStreet, CitySourced, and OpenIDEO, which allow citizens to report urban issues by entering free text describing what needs to be done, fixed or changed. In order to develop appropriate action plans and priorities, government officials need to figure out how urgent are the reported issues. In this paper we propose to estimate the urgency of urban issues by mining different emotions that are implicit in the text describing the issue. More specifically, a reported issue is first categorized according to the emotions expressed in it, and then the corresponding emotion scores are combined in order to produce a final urgency level for the reported issue. Our experiments use the SeeClickFix hackathon data and diverse emotion classification algorithms. They indicate that (i) emotions can be categorized efficiently with supervised learning algorithms, and (ii) the use of citizen emotions leads to accurate urgency estimates. Further, using additional features such as the type of issue or its author leads to no further accuracy gains. 相似文献
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3.
Since the late 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has been spread all around the world. The pandemic is a critical challenge to the health and safety of the general public, the medical staff and the medical systems worldwide. It has been globally proposed to utilise robots during the pandemic, to improve the treatment of patients and leverage the load of the medical system. However, there is still a lack of detailed and systematic review of the robotic research for the pandemic, from the technologies’ perspective. Thus a thorough literature survey is conducted in this research and more than 280 publications have been reviewed, with the focus on robotics during the pandemic. The main contribution of this literature survey is to answer two research questions, i.e. 1) what the main research contributions are to combat the pandemic from the robotic technologies’ perspective, and 2) what the promising supporting technologies are needed during and after the pandemic to help and guide future robotics research. The current achievements of robotic technologies are reviewed and discussed in different categories, followed by the identification of the representative work’s technology readiness level. The future research trends and essential technologies are then highlighted, including artificial intelligence, 5 G, big data, wireless sensor network, and human-robot collaboration. 相似文献
4.
Noel E. Sharkey 《Robotics and Autonomous Systems》1997,22(3-4):345-359
It is time to locate connectionist representation theory in the new wave of robotics research. The utility of representations developed in artificial neural networks (ANNs) during learning has been demonstrated in cognitive science research since the 1980s. The research reported here puts learned representations to work in a decentered control task, the disembodied arm problem, in which a mobile robot operates an arm fixed to a table to pick up objects. There is no physical linkage between the arm and the robot and so the robot's point of view must be decentered. This is done by developing a modular Artificial Neural Net system in three stages: (i) a classifier net is trained with laser scan data to output transformationally invariant position classes; (ii) an arm net is trained for picking up objects; (iii) an inter net is trained to communicate and coordinate the sensing and acting. The completed system is shown to create new nonsymbolic transformationally invariant representations in order to perform the effective generalization of decentered viewpoints. 相似文献
5.
A method for the time suboptimal control of an industrial manipulator from an initial position and orientation to a final
position and orientation as it moves along a specified path is proposed. Nonlinear system equations that describe the manipulator
motion are linearized at each time step along the path. A method which gives the control inputs (joint angular velocities)
for time suboptimal control of the manipulator is developed. In the formulation, joint angular velocity and acceleration limitations
are also taken into consideration. A six degree of freedom elbow type manipulator is used in numerical examples to verify
the method developed. 相似文献
6.
The development of autonomous mobile machines to perform useful tasks in real work environments is currently being impeded
by concerns over effectiveness, commercial viability and, above all, safety. This paper introduces a case study of a robotic
excavator to explore a series of issues around system development, navigation in unstructured environments, autonomous decision
making and changing the behaviour of autonomous machines to suit the prevailing demands of users. The adoption of the Real-Time
Control Systems (RCS) architecture (Albus, 1991) is proposed as a universal framework for the development of intelligent systems. In addition it is explained how the use
of Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDP) (Kaelbling et al., 1998) can form the basis of decision making in the face of uncertainty and how the technique can be effectively incorporated into
the RCS architecture. Particular emphasis is placed on ensuring that the resulting behaviour is both task effective and adequately
safe, and it is recognised that these two objectives may be in opposition and that the desired relative balance between them
may change. The concept of an autonomous system having “values” is introduced through the use of utility theory. Limited simulation
results of experiments are reported which demonstrate that these techniques can create intelligent systems capable of modifying
their behaviour to exhibit either ‘safety conscious’ or ‘task achieving’ personalities. 相似文献
7.
8.
Sun Linzhi Luo Yi Zhang Yanan Sun Ping Qin Xinjie Gong ZhenbangPrecision Machinery Institute Shanghai University Shanghai China 《机械工程学报(英文版)》2002,15(4):303-307
An experimental bimorph piezoelectric element (PZT) actuator for small pipe robot is developed. The robot can move in φ20 mm pipe, and can carry a CCD camera for detecting cracks or fine holes on inner surface of pipe. The velocity of the robot can reach 17~22 mm/s for vertical pipe up/down, respectively. Moving principle and its performance characteristics are presented. 相似文献
9.
L. X. Che R. Q. Yang Y. Gu T. K. Xia 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2006,31(5-6):614-620
This paper presents a method of calculating the insulating safety distances for hot-line working robots at high voltage when dielectric is adulterated with conducts. Also, finite element method is adopted to calculate the electric field strength to find whether it is beyond the critical. The above methods have been applied to analyze the insulating safety of the robot for hot-line sweeping post insulators in a 220 KV substation. They have also been testified by experimentations. 相似文献
10.
基于专家系统的机器人高层规划 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文介绍一个基于专家系统的机器人高层规划系统,阐述几个潜在应用子系统,并应用专家系统方法进行多机器人协调避碰运动规划。本系统具有良好的规划性能。 相似文献