Electronic nose and GC–MS analysis of volatile compounds in Tuber magnatum Pico: Evaluation of different storage conditions

The characteristic aromatic composition of white truffles (Tuber magnatum Pico) determines its culinary and commercial value. However modifications of truffle organoleptic proprieties occur during preservation. A study of headspace of white truffles by using Electronic nose (E-nose), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and sensory analyses was performed. Truffles were stored at different conditions for 7 days: +4 and +8 °C wrapped in blotting paper or covered by rice or none of the above. Headspace E-nose measurements and sensory analyses were performed each day. Statistical multivariate analysis of the data showed the capability of E-nose to predict sensorial analysis scores and to monitor aroma profile changes during storage. Truffle’s volatile molecules were also extracted by headspace solid phase microextraction technique and separated and identified by GC–MS. Partial Components Analysis of data was performed. E-nose and GC–MS results were in agreement and showed that truffle storage in paper at +8 °C seemed to be the best storage condition.     

HS-SPME-GC法测定氨苄西林钠中丙酮和异丙醇残留量

采用顶空—固相微萃取—气相色谱联用技术测定了氨苄西林钠中丙酮和异丙醇残留量。使用100μmPDMS萃取头,顶空平衡温度为60℃,萃取时间为40 min,2m×3 mm(i.d.)不锈钢色谱柱、内填充10%丁二酸乙二醇聚酯/202酸洗红色担体。外标法定量,丙酮测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.43%,在0.1μg/g~20μg/g范围时,色谱峰面积与质量浓度之间呈良好线性关系,相关系数(R2)为0.979 9,回收率为97.8%~103%;异丙醇测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.88%,在0.2μg/g~20μg/g范围时,色谱峰面积与质量浓度之间呈良好线性关系,相关系数(R2)为0.980 2,回收率为95.7%~101%。     

浙江山核桃油脂香气萃取条件优化及组分分析

采用HS-SPME-GC-MS方法对浙江山核桃香气成分进行定性定量分析.通过单因素试验和正交试验,优化固相微萃取的条件,建立山核桃油脂香气组分分析的方法.结果表明:采用50 μm/30 mm DVB/CAR-PDMS萃取头,加入2 g 样品量,在50 ℃条件下萃取40 min,GC-MS色谱图峰面积最大;经HS-SPME-GC-MS分析,从浙江山核桃油中共检测出香气成分42种,主要包括醛类、醇类、烯类、酯类、酮类以及其他一些化合物.     

草鱼不同部位气味研究

以草鱼为原料,用电子鼻对草鱼不同部位气味进行检测,并采用聚二甲基硅氧烷- 二乙烯苯(PDMS/DVB)涂层的固相微萃取头萃取草鱼的挥发性成分,结合气- 质联用仪(GC-MS)进行分离鉴定。结果表明,电子鼻能较好地判别出草鱼红肉与背肉、腹肉之间气味的差异,而草鱼背肉与腹肉之间气味的差异则无法判别。草鱼背肉、腹肉及红肉分别共鉴定44、42 种及55 种挥发性成分,均以挥发性羰基化合物和醇类为主,其相对百分含量分别为88.38%、74.88% 及82.54%。     

不同种源绿色型香椿特征风味的分析

目的:研究不同种源表型为绿色的香椿香气成分的差异。方法:选用顶空固相微萃取法（HS-SPME）结合气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱（GC-O-MS）联用仪对太和青油椿、永济香椿、十堰香椿、岚皋香椿四个不同种源绿香椿的挥发性成分进行提取和鉴定,并对特征香气成分进行分析。结果:在温度为50℃时,用65 μm PDSM/DVB的萃取头对样品萃取40 min,可以使萃取效率达到最大。采用GC-MS对挥发性成分进行分析,在四种绿香椿中共鉴定出46种挥发性成分,其中永济香椿检测到的挥发性成分最多,共40种,萜烯类化合物有23种,占比最大;而十堰香椿检测到的挥发性成分最少,共26种,萜烯类只有10种。经过嗅闻仪分析,发现绿香椿中有18种特征香气成分,萜烯类和含硫类化合物是绿香椿的主要挥发性成分,其中2-巯基-3,4-二甲基-2,3-二氢噻吩的香气强度最高。结论:这四个不同种源香椿在萜烯类化合物的种类和含量上差异明显,其中青油椿与永济香椿中的萜烯类化合物种类和含量都比较高,因此其风味也优于十堰香椿和岚皋香椿。     

玫瑰香冰葡萄酒香气成分分析

采用顶空固相微萃取技术(HS-SPME)结合气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)对云南德钦产区玫瑰香冰葡萄酒中的挥发性成分进行分离测定,共鉴定出71种挥发性香气成分,主要包括酯类、醇类、萜烯类、有机酸及少量醛类、酮类和烷烃.结果表明,酯类、醇类和萜烯类化合物是玫瑰香冰葡萄酒香气的主要构成组分,三者的相对含量占总挥发性香气成分的91.1％;在玫瑰香冰葡萄酒中,酯类化合物相对含量最高,大多数都具有令人愉悦的花果香气,是形成玫瑰香冰葡萄酒浓郁果香的主要香气成分;萜烯类化合物的种类丰富,相对含量较高,且大多数属于单萜醇类,均具有玫瑰香气,可能是形成玫瑰香冰葡萄酒独特玫瑰花香的主要香气成分,其中含量较高的为β-香茅醇、里那醇和橙花醇.     

GC-O-MS法对比3种红枣白兰地的挥发性成分

采用固相微萃取的方法提取3种红枣白兰地中的挥发性成分,以气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱联用对红枣白兰地中的挥发性成分进行分离鉴定。结果测得76种气味活性成分,主要包括酯类、醇类、萜类和芳香化合物。从挥发性成分的数量和总峰面积上看,A#行唐白兰地明显高于B#金相府和C#董家红枣白兰地。气相色谱-嗅闻(GC-O)结果表明,红枣白兰地的主要香气成分是:乙酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、3-甲基-丁酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、1,1-二乙氧基-2-丙酮、壬酸乙酯、月桂酸甲酯、月桂酸乙酯、苯丙酸乙酯。其中,月桂酸乙酯、苯丙酸乙酯能赋予白兰地红枣的香味,形成此酒的特色。综上所述,从酒的组成和气味评分考虑,A#行唐酒业的香气成分比较全面。     

蛇龙珠葡萄成熟过程中6种甲氧基吡嗪分析

建立了顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-氮磷检测器法(HS-SPME-GC-NPD)测定葡萄中6种3-烷基-2-甲氧基吡嗪(MPs)的方法。经优化采用CAR/DVB/PDMS三相SPME萃取头浓缩提取葡萄中MPs,在30℃恒温条件下吸附3h。该方法具有良好的线性,6种MPs标准曲线的线性相关性系数均大于0.99;线性范围在0.78～100ng/L之间;检测限在0.20～1.40ng/L范围内;除2-甲氧基吡嗪(73.12%)外,其他5种MPs的回收率在83.20%～113.09%之间。应用本方法检测蛇龙珠葡萄成熟过程中MPs,发现在果实成熟过程中MPs含量呈递减趋势,其中2-异丁基-3-甲氧基吡嗪最为突出;3-异丁基-和3-异丙基-2-甲氧基吡嗪的含量大于其阈值,对蛇龙珠葡萄的"青椒"气味具有重要贡献。     

宁夏滩羊肉的特征香气成分分析

为探明宁夏滩羊肉的特征香气成分,采用顶空固相微萃取法(HS-SPME)提取滩羊肉的挥发性风味物质,结合气质联用技术(GC-MS)和气相色谱-嗅闻技术(GC-O)对其挥发性风味物质和主体风味物质进行分析。试验选取75μm CAR/PDMS萃取头、60℃萃取温度、30 min萃取时间,萃取物经GC-MS和GC-O分析,鉴定出43种挥发性化合物,其中烃类5种、醛类12种、酮类5种、醇类6种、酸类6种、酯类7种、杂环类(含硫、含氮或含氯)2种。确定对宁夏滩羊肉风味贡献较大的物质分别为己醛、庚醛、己酸乙酯、壬醛、1-壬醇和肉豆蔻酸。     

Analysis of Peanut Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry: Correlation of Chemical Components and Volatile Compounds

Peanut contains protein, oil, oleic acid, and linoleic acid its flavor is largely determined by pyrazine and aldehyde compounds. Both nutritional value and flavor are standards for measuring peanut quality. In this report, the contents of protein, oil, oleic acid, and linoleic acid were determined using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy, and flavor compounds were identified using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in 12 different peanut cultivars. Our results showed that the content of oleic acid in raw peanut ranged from 35.69 to 82.79 g/100 g oil and the linoleic acid content ranged from 2.92 to 44.19 g/100 g oil, with high coefficients of variation. The coefficients of variation of protein and oil were lower, with content of 26.97–33.07 g/100 g raw materials and 45.53–55.53 g/100 g raw materials, respectively. Overall, 14 volatile components were isolated and identified, among which pyrazine and aldehyde compounds were the major aroma components in 12 different peanut cultivars.. Based on these results, peanuts with high protein content have high linoleic oil levels but low oleic oil levels, and roasted peanuts have a high content of pyrazines but low content of aldehydes. The results of this study will enable manufacturers to develop simple tests that predict the flavor of roasted peanuts based on their composition.