不稳定信道上的组播实时认证协议

在组播认证协议TESLA的基础上引入消息分散算法,提出一个全新的组播认证协议,它能够为不稳定信道上的组播通信提供实时认证。文章最后给出了该协议详细的性能分析。该文提出的组播认证协议是要为每个数据包增加60～80字节的认证信息就可以为很高丢包率(≈50%)的组播通信提供99%以上的实时认证率。协议还增加了系统的可扩展性,可以为分布更广、组员规模更大的组播应用提供安全认证。     

条件均值谱选取记录的结构抗倒塌易损性分析

以抗倒塌易损性分析方法中的强震记录选取环节为研究对象,为了更好体现不同场址的地震动危险性差异,利用目标地区地震概率危险性分析的设定地震解耦结果构建条件均值谱（CMS）,进而将其进行多次调幅得到对应的目标谱,将匹配选波结果作为增量动力分析方法（IDA）的输入.以自振周期为0.5、1.0和1.5 s的3个平面框架为算例,在中国两个城市的地震安全性评价工作的基础上构建CMS谱,进行IDA分析,并将与当地一致概率谱、罕遇地震规范谱以及ATC63数据集得到的结果进行对比讨论,结果表明基于规范目标谱得到的抗倒塌易损性概率曲线最陡峭,基于一致概率谱与ATC63数据集得到的抗倒塌易损性概率曲线次之,CMS对应的抗倒塌易损性概率曲线最平缓.同时,对于较长周期的1.5 s结构,本文建议采用包络CMS谱来考虑多阶振型的影响,否则采用单点周期CMS谱会使得倒塌易损性计算结果显著低估实际的倒塌超越概率.     

Numerical study of the static and dynamic characteristics of reinforced concrete cassette structures for high‐rise buildings

High‐rise buildings are extensively built in China, and the structure of these buildings is composed of different types of conventional system of which framed structures are more commonly employed. A new cassette structure with advantageous performance properties is proposed. Static and dynamic numerical simulations were applied to investigate the characteristics of this new structure. First, the components and other details are presented. A comparative analysis was conducted between the cassette structure and traditional structures using eight finite models with fiber elements in three different heights. A static pushover analysis and an incremental dynamic analysis were conducted based on 18 near‐ground motion records recommended by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The seismic characteristics, deformation curve, interstory drift, roof displacement, and fragility curve are investigated. Based on the analysis of the models with three different heights and the variety of seismic records, the economic advantage and application of cassette structures for building industrialization are also discussed.     

超长隔震结构抗震性能与抗倒塌能力研究

采用增量动力分析(Incremental Dynamic Analysis,IDA)方法,得到了整体式与多塔式超长隔震结构进入各破坏状态的地震峰值加速度,分析了结构的抗震性能与抗倒塌能力。IDA分析结果表明:与多塔结构相比,整体式结构更易发生破坏,所以多塔结构的抗倒塌能力略强于整体结构,但两个结构在设计大震下的倒塌概率都小于5%,可以认为能达到大震不倒的安全要求。     

增量动力分析中的地震作用特征差异研究

从两个方面研究了地震动的非平稳特性对结构IDA曲线差异的影响;通过反应谱正则化,计算了不同地震作用下结构等效弹塑性单质点体系的IDA曲线;通过插值方法,在地震总作用力相等的条件下,对比了不同地震输入的IDA结果中结构最大层间侧移角和楼层剪力的分布特征.结果表明,不同地震动的IDA曲线的差异是由地震动的弹塑性谱特征和水平惯性力的侧向分布特征共同决定的.     

基于易损性的RC空间框架填充墙结构连续倒塌能力分析

为研究填充墙对RC空间框架抗竖向连续倒塌能力的影响,对一栋6层双跨RC框架结构采用OpenSees有限元软件进行了建模,利用集中塑性的beamWithHinges单元模拟填充墙的性能。考虑到结构的不确定性,在有限元模型的基础上采用改进的拉丁超立方体抽样法获得了性能不同的100个纯框架结构和100个框架填充墙结构,并采用PDA方法和竖向IDA方法对取得的样本进行了易损性分析和对比。分析结果表明：填充墙提高了框架结构的抗倒塌能力,发生连续倒塌概率相同的情况下,框架填充墙结构的承载能力要比纯框架结构的高10%~20%。此外,两种分析方法对纯框架结构的抗连续倒塌能力分析差别较小,而对于带填充墙的框架结构,PDA方法计算结果则偏于保守。     

Seismic performance evaluation of steel moment resisting frames through incremental dynamic analysis

Earthquake hazards effect significant damage to structures and cause widespread failure throughout buildings. Moment resisting frames are widely used as lateral resisting systems when sufficient ductility is to be met. Generally three types of moment resisting frames are designed in practice namely Special, Intermediate and Ordinary Moment Frames, each of which has certain level of ductility. Comparative studies on the seismic performance of these three different types of structure are performed in this study. Analytical models of connections are employed including panel zone and beam to column joint model. Incremental dynamic analysis is then utilized to assess the structural dynamic behavior of the frames and to generate required data for performance based evaluations. Maximum annual probability of exceeding different limit states may reveal the superiority of a ductile structure in which a greater behavior factor is employed. Special moment resisting frames are expected to perform better once a certain level of ductility is to be met but the amount of superiority may be the subject of investigation especially from a performance based design standpoint.     

工业以太网及以太网向现场层延伸的若干问题的思考

文章主要从工业过程对所传递的各种信号的属性出发，讨论对于分布式多节点通信系统最适宜的通信机制。并以此为基础，进一步阐述工业以太网的发展状况和可能的发展动向，还讨论了以太网向现场层延伸必须解决的一些问题。最后指出，目前工业以太网合理而可行的发展是与现场总线相结合的路线。     

阶梯墙框架结构体系的抗震性能分析

针对历次地震中框架结构广泛出现的底部薄弱的破坏模式,提出了增设阶梯墙的损伤控制措施,即在框架结构中增加若干片等厚度,变截面高度的落地钢筋混凝土墙体。通过IDA分析和一个振动台对比试验论证了阶梯墙体系的优越性,结果表明阶梯墙体系能够有效控制结构的变形和损伤模式,实现结构各层变形的平均化,抑制薄弱层的出现,并且经济实用,构造简单,适合大规模推广应用。最后提出了基于静力弹塑性分析的阶梯墙设计方法。