挑战密斯——库哈斯的伊利诺理工学院校园中心

OMA／库哈斯设计的伊利诺理工学院校园中心在设计哲学上与以密斯为代表的现代主义正宵大相径庭，本文力图通过分析这一案例来揭示OMA的设计如何给当年的设计打开了新的思路。     

Mechanical characterization of polymer passivation layer in semiconductor applications using IIT and FEA

Various kinds of polymer passivation and associated equipment have been developed for inter-level insulation, buffering, and α-rays shielding layers in semiconductor devices. Among these, photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) has thermal and dielectric characteristics that are highly compatible with the requirements of recent devices, and its applications have been increasing. However, PSPI passivation, whose mechanical properties are strongly governed by processing, is implicated in many physical failure modes. It is very difficult to characterize PSPI via fracture mechanics because it behaves viscoelastically and is structurally entangled with variously processed ceramic oxides such as SiN and SiON; in addition, its mechanical characteristics involve some ambiguous fracture modes. In this study, we compare the chip surface toughness of several devices using micro-instrumented indentation testing (MIIT). To do this, we defined a collapse propagation rate in viscoelastic polymer-ceramic composite thin film and verified this parameter by empirically reproducing phenomena involved in chip surface collapse. We used ANSYS to simulate the elastoplastic behavior beneath the indenter tip as the PSPI layer was varied. To discuss all these issues, we obtained by nano-instrumented indentation testing (NIIT) mechanical properties that are closely related to fracture behavior. This study gives some guidance for checking the mechanical resistance of the chip surface to filler-induced attack and thus for developing new technologies for semiconductor process integration.     

密斯与缺失的形体

本文介绍了密斯的伊利诺斯理工学院（ⅡT）学生中心竞赛建筑方案的背景资料,并以此作为主要例证,阐述了作者彼得艾森曼对密斯独特的图形与基地间的渗透性处理,以及对柱截面发展的兴趣与关注。在某种意义上,这篇文章是作者关于密斯对伊利诺斯理工学院校园设计方案基本特征的探索,同时本文通过工程设计实践比较与理论分析指出了该设计项目的重大历史意义所在。     

Tight glycemic control in critical care--the leading role of insulin sensitivity and patient variability: a review and model-based analysis

Tight glycemic control (TGC) has emerged as a major research focus in critical care due to its potential to simultaneously reduce both mortality and costs. However, repeating initial successful TGC trials that reduced mortality and other outcomes has proven difficult with more failures than successes. Hence, there has been growing debate over the necessity of TGC, its goals, the risk of severe hypoglycemia, and target cohorts.This paper provides a review of TGC via new analyses of data from several clinical trials, including SPRINT, Glucontrol and a recent NICU study. It thus provides both a review of the problem and major background factors driving it, as well as a novel model-based analysis designed to examine these dynamics from a new perspective. Using these clinical results and analysis, the goal is to develop new insights that shed greater light on the leading factors that make TGC difficult and inconsistent, as well as the requirements they thus impose on the design and implementation of TGC protocols.A model-based analysis of insulin sensitivity using data from three different critical care units, comprising over 75,000 h of clinical data, is used to analyse variability in metabolic dynamics using a clinically validated model-based insulin sensitivity metric (S_I). Variation in S_I provides a new interpretation and explanation for the variable results seen (across cohorts and studies) in applying TGC. In particular, significant intra- and inter-patient variability in insulin resistance (1/S_I) is seen be a major confounder that makes TGC difficult over diverse cohorts, yielding variable results over many published studies and protocols. Further factors that exacerbate this variability in glycemic outcome are found to include measurement frequency and whether a protocol is blind to carbohydrate administration.     

密斯·凡·德·罗

本文通过对密斯一生的简短回顾,将他生活中几件重大的事件和影响世界之广的现代主义建筑运动联系起来。让读者窥见这位钢和玻璃之王复杂矛盾的创作人生以及参见到现代主义建筑运动的成功和局限的背后原因。     

宁波机电产品产业内贸易的实证研究

产业内贸易用于衡量一国或地区参与国际分工的水平和程度,宁波的贸易方式以一般贸易为主,加工贸易所占的比重较小。本文实证测算了宁波2005-2008年机电产品的产业内贸易水平,发现其呈现产业内贸易的总体水平不高,各产品差异巨大、零部件与其对应的制成品的产业内贸易水平呈反比关系、无论产业内贸易的水平高或低,宁波的机电产品以出口居主导地位、机电产品的产业内贸易的波动幅度较大,发展极不稳定等特征,并针对性地提出了大力培育具有较大规模经济的机电企业、大力推广产品多样化,鼓励多样化消费、有效利用国际直接投资,切实提高宁波机电产业内贸易的层次等提升产业内贸易水平的对策建议。     

压痕测试法的新发展

介绍了压痕测试法的最新发展,指出了确定超薄薄膜t<10 nm及很硬的薄膜t<100 nm的硬度及模量是对计量学中纳米范围的挑战.以压痕测试法替代显微维氏实验可显著地降低测量不确定度及实现自动化.压痕测试法在纳米范围及显微范围内可为微电子学、微电机械系统、技术光学等领域采用.     

大学生对人际影响策略的认知结构和测量

采用主、客位相结合的方法，编制我国文化背景下，人际影响策略的问卷。通过开放式问卷对223名大学生进行调查，编制大学生人际影响策略初步问卷。此后，560份有效问卷的探索性因素分析，以及572份有效问卷的验证性因素分析，表明大学生认知到的人际影响策略由7个维度构成：外在激励、专业能力、合法地位、平等公平、互惠公平、合理依靠以及情感参照，数据表明改编的人际影响策略问卷具有较好的信度和效度。     

Analysis of effective thermal conductivity stability of geothermal heat exchanger according to ambient environmental conditions

At present, geothermal energy is a promising research area but still has numerous areas to be explored. The thermal performance verification of U‐shaped closed geothermal heat exchange was proposed to improve the effective thermal conductivity value applying initial ignoring time (IIT). To verify the thermal performance of the underground heat exchanger in the rock layer according to the surrounding environment and groundwater conditions, verifications were conducted for the amount of circulating water, amount of heat input, and groundwater conditions. The circulating fluid flow rate of the system, supply of water into the ground, and influence of the change of supplied heat source were analyzed. The effective heat conduction characteristics were analyzed using the linear heat source model and initial exclusion time. Therefore, in the thermal response test, the main error occurs according to the determined initial removal time, and the reliability of the effective thermal conductivity value is increased by applying IIT to reduce this error.