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OMA／库哈斯设计的伊利诺理工学院校园中心在设计哲学上与以密斯为代表的现代主义正宵大相径庭，本文力图通过分析这一案例来揭示OMA的设计如何给当年的设计打开了新的思路。 相似文献
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《Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science》2023,27(4):101091
The solution of instrumented indentation inverse problems by physically-based models still represents a complex challenge yet to be solved in metallurgy and materials science. In recent years, Machine Learning (ML) tools have emerged as a feasible and more efficient alternative to extract complex microstructure-property correlations from instrumented indentation data in advanced materials. On this basis, the main objective of this review article is to summarize the extent to which different ML tools have been recently employed in the analysis of both numerical and experimental data obtained by instrumented indentation testing, either using spherical or sharp indenters, particularly by nanoindentation. Also, the impact of using ML could have in better understanding the microstructure-mechanical properties-performance relationships of a wide range of materials tested at this length scale has been addressed.The analysis of the recent literature indicates that a combination of advanced nanomechanical/microstructural characterization with finite element simulation and different ML algorithms constitutes a powerful tool to bring ground-breaking innovation in materials science. These research means can be employed not only for extracting mechanical properties of both homogeneous and heterogeneous materials at multiple length scales, but also could assist in understanding how these properties change with the compositional and microstructural in-service modifications. Furthermore, they can be used for design and synthesis of novel multi-phase materials. 相似文献
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Various kinds of polymer passivation and associated equipment have been developed for inter-level insulation, buffering, and α-rays shielding layers in semiconductor devices. Among these, photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) has thermal and dielectric characteristics that are highly compatible with the requirements of recent devices, and its applications have been increasing. However, PSPI passivation, whose mechanical properties are strongly governed by processing, is implicated in many physical failure modes. It is very difficult to characterize PSPI via fracture mechanics because it behaves viscoelastically and is structurally entangled with variously processed ceramic oxides such as SiN and SiON; in addition, its mechanical characteristics involve some ambiguous fracture modes. In this study, we compare the chip surface toughness of several devices using micro-instrumented indentation testing (MIIT). To do this, we defined a collapse propagation rate in viscoelastic polymer-ceramic composite thin film and verified this parameter by empirically reproducing phenomena involved in chip surface collapse. We used ANSYS to simulate the elastoplastic behavior beneath the indenter tip as the PSPI layer was varied. To discuss all these issues, we obtained by nano-instrumented indentation testing (NIIT) mechanical properties that are closely related to fracture behavior. This study gives some guidance for checking the mechanical resistance of the chip surface to filler-induced attack and thus for developing new technologies for semiconductor process integration. 相似文献
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Chase JG Le Compte AJ Suhaimi F Shaw GM Lynn A Lin J Pretty CG Razak N Parente JD Hann CE Preiser JC Desaive T 《Computer methods and programs in biomedicine》2011,102(2):156-171
Tight glycemic control (TGC) has emerged as a major research focus in critical care due to its potential to simultaneously reduce both mortality and costs. However, repeating initial successful TGC trials that reduced mortality and other outcomes has proven difficult with more failures than successes. Hence, there has been growing debate over the necessity of TGC, its goals, the risk of severe hypoglycemia, and target cohorts.This paper provides a review of TGC via new analyses of data from several clinical trials, including SPRINT, Glucontrol and a recent NICU study. It thus provides both a review of the problem and major background factors driving it, as well as a novel model-based analysis designed to examine these dynamics from a new perspective. Using these clinical results and analysis, the goal is to develop new insights that shed greater light on the leading factors that make TGC difficult and inconsistent, as well as the requirements they thus impose on the design and implementation of TGC protocols.A model-based analysis of insulin sensitivity using data from three different critical care units, comprising over 75,000 h of clinical data, is used to analyse variability in metabolic dynamics using a clinically validated model-based insulin sensitivity metric (SI). Variation in SI provides a new interpretation and explanation for the variable results seen (across cohorts and studies) in applying TGC. In particular, significant intra- and inter-patient variability in insulin resistance (1/SI) is seen be a major confounder that makes TGC difficult over diverse cohorts, yielding variable results over many published studies and protocols. Further factors that exacerbate this variability in glycemic outcome are found to include measurement frequency and whether a protocol is blind to carbohydrate administration. 相似文献
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产业内贸易用于衡量一国或地区参与国际分工的水平和程度,宁波的贸易方式以一般贸易为主,加工贸易所占的比重较小。本文实证测算了宁波2005-2008年机电产品的产业内贸易水平,发现其呈现产业内贸易的总体水平不高,各产品差异巨大、零部件与其对应的制成品的产业内贸易水平呈反比关系、无论产业内贸易的水平高或低,宁波的机电产品以出口居主导地位、机电产品的产业内贸易的波动幅度较大,发展极不稳定等特征,并针对性地提出了大力培育具有较大规模经济的机电企业、大力推广产品多样化,鼓励多样化消费、有效利用国际直接投资,切实提高宁波机电产业内贸易的层次等提升产业内贸易水平的对策建议。 相似文献
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K.赫尔曼 《中国计量学院学报》2006,17(3):173-177,187
介绍了压痕测试法的最新发展,指出了确定超薄薄膜t<10 nm及很硬的薄膜t<100 nm的硬度及模量是对计量学中纳米范围的挑战.以压痕测试法替代显微维氏实验可显著地降低测量不确定度及实现自动化.压痕测试法在纳米范围及显微范围内可为微电子学、微电机械系统、技术光学等领域采用. 相似文献
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