柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系烃源岩干酪根13C核磁共振研究

柴达木盆地北缘是柴达木盆地三大油气区之一,其源岩为早、中侏罗世煤系地层.烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅲ₁型和Ⅱ型干酪根为主,Ⅰ₂型干酪根仅在局部地区有分布.通过对柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系烃源岩中不同类型干酪根的¹³C核磁共振研究,指出了研究区Ⅰ₂、Ⅱ、Ⅲ₁型干酪根的化学结构特征以及化学结构中“芳构碳”、“油潜力碳”与“气潜力碳”的相对含量,据此从定量分析的角度对不同类型干酪根的生油气贡献作了评价.Ⅰ₂、Ⅱ、Ⅲ₁型干酪根的生烃能力依次减弱,对生油的贡献也依次减弱,且生成油气的比例不同,Ⅰ₂、Ⅱ型干酪根以生油为主,Ⅲ₁型干酪根则以生气为主.     

Comparative filtration and dewatering behavior of vitrinite and inertinite of bituminous coal: Experiment and simulation study

The filtration and dewatering of fine clean coal not only ensure industrial water recycle in coal washing plant, but also reduce the moisture of coal product in order to meet the requirements of combustion or coking industry. Fine clean coal is mainly composed by organic matter, and the property difference of different organic matter determines the filtration and dewatering behavior. In this investigation, vitrinite and inertinite were separated from a clean bituminous coal, and the comparative filtration and dewatering behavior of vitrinite and inertinite were conducted. The results showed that inertinite has lower dewatering rate and higher filter cake moisture than vitrinite. The analysis of filter cake structure showed that inertinite particle is easier to be broken into small particles due to the difference of mechanical properties, thus forming more compact filter cake than vitrinite. The analysis of particle surface properties showed that vitrinite is more hydrophobic than inertinite, which makes water easier drained from filter cake. The simulation study showed that the structure of inertinite is more porous than that of vitrinite,and the interaction between inertinite and water is stronger than that between vitrinite and water. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving coal dewatering by selectively improving coal maceral hydrophobicity.     

Maceral and rank influences on the morphology of coal char

Concentrates of vitrinite and inertinite macerals have been pyrolysed in a flame under conditions representative of the initial stages of pulverized coal combustion. Char was distinguished from soot by size analysis and the char yield correlated with the proximate analysis. The char morphology was studied by optical microscopy and quantitative measurements of porosity and pore size were made using image analysis. Vitrinite and inertinite produce chars of characteristic morphology. The softening behaviour of inertinite varies with coal rank and can be related to the optical reflectance. The porosity of vitrinite chars approaches that of inertinite chars at high rank.     

塔里木,准噶尔盆地石油生成与演化

以塔里木、准噶尔盆地干酪根、沥青的Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ同位素分析资料，回答了地质学家必须回答的四个问题：①石油是由舒什么生成的；②石油是如何生成的；③石油是地何时生成的；④石油是何时运移的。根据Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ同位素所揭示的信息指出，塔里木、准噶尔盆地的石油虽然是在不同构造背景下生成的，生油模式、生油年龄和运移年龄也不相同，但都是由费托合成反应无机生成的。作者指出，地救化学急变对油气田分布的控制作用十     

Influences of different comminution methods on maceral segregations,ignition, and pyrolysis of superfine pulverized coal

The same bituminous coal is grinded by three representative grinding systems, respectively. Tendencies of maceral segregations in three systems are analyzed. The influences of maceral segregations on ignition temperatures and flash pyrolysis products are compared and discussed.     

煤岩学在炼焦配煤中的应用进展及优化配煤技术

科学合理的配煤技术对于焦化企业高质量发展至关重要,炼焦配煤技术的核心在于对原料煤煤质特性的深入认知。影响炼焦煤性质的主要因素包括变质程度、煤岩组成及第三成因因素,故煤岩学对炼焦配煤技术的研究与应用至关重要。本文论述了经验配煤、煤岩配煤及人工智能配煤3种炼焦配煤技术发展历程和现状,凝练了炼焦配煤技术的发展趋势。结合研究实际,重点梳理了煤岩学指标在炼焦配煤中的应用现状。在注重煤岩特征的同时,也需兼顾工艺指标等相关参数对炼焦煤优劣的表征。在实际应用中,各项指标参数的选择和利用需要综合考虑参数适配范围并尊重该指标与炼焦煤特性的真实对应关系。基于以上内容,提出了关联成煤时代、产地等地质因素和黏结指数、胶质层指数等工艺指标的整体思路,实现焦炭性能与原料煤特性的科学、深入关联,构建“本源-过程-结果”一体的优化配煤技术新体系。     

深层多途径复合生气模式及潜在成藏贡献

深层—超深层是当前和未来油气勘探的重要方向,明确高演化阶段天然气的生气途径、机制和潜力,将有助于发展天然气成因理论和指导深层油气勘探。结合大量模拟实验和动力学计算,探讨了不同母质和途径生气的成熟度和温度界限（生气时限）及贡献,建立了深层多途径复合生气模式。提出I/II型有机质或干酪根直接热降解（初次裂解）生气下限可延至R_O=3.5%,最大生气量可达120~140 m³/t_TOC,R_O>2.0%阶段的生气量可达20~40 m³/t_TOC。系统认识了原油全组分裂解动力学过程,提出在2 ℃/Ma地质升温速率条件下,液态烃大规模裂解的地质温度为190~220 ℃,对应的成熟度为R_O=2.0%~2.3%;源内残留烃和源外液态烃裂解生气贡献分别为约80 m³/t_TOC和200 m³/t_TOC,乙烷裂解温度要高于230 ℃。硫酸盐热化学还原作用（TSR）导致液态烃裂解温度降低20~40 ℃,加速高含硫化氢（H₂S）天然气藏的高效聚集;无机流体和矿物参与的加氢生气作用可提高天然气生成潜力20%~30%,是深层高—过成熟天然气生成的途径之一。多途径生气过程构成了天然气形成的完整演化序列,揭示在传统油气“死亡线”之下,深层—超深层仍具有天然气勘探潜力。     

Economic geology value of oil shale deposits: Ethiopia (Tigray) and Jordan

Oil shale is an organic-rich, fine-grained sedimentary rock, containing kerogen, from which liquid hydrocarbons (called shale oil) can be produced. The oil shale deposits in the Tigray region are found in the northern parts of Ethiopia, Eastern Africa. They are of Upper Paleozoic in age, existing as remnants of the Cretaceous erosion period, underlain by tillites and overlain by sandstones. They were formed during the glacial retreat followed by marine deposition of shales in a basin created by the enormous load of the glaciers. The Ethiopian-Tigray oil shale deposits cover an area extending over approximately 30 km², with an average mineable bed-thickness of 55 m, showing on the upper part inter-beds and laminations of shaley limestones. The oil shale resources in this region are estimated to be approximately 4 billion tonnes. The exploitation of the Ethiopian-Tigray oil shale deposits is an excellent alternative to fulfill the fuel and other petroleum products’ demand of Ethiopia. This study sheds light on the oil shale resources in the Ethiopian region of Tigray, as they are fairly investigated, regarding their geological characterization, and future strategies for their exploration and exploitation potential. In addition, the oil shale deposits in Jordan are also moderately investigated, as Jordan is considered a promising country for shale oil, taking into account that Jordan has no other hydrocarbon resources (such as crude oil and natural gas), unlike many other countries in the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region, as MENA sets on “seas” of oil and natural gas. Furthermore, oil shale in the USA is also briefly investigated, as the USA is being the world’s largest country of oil shale resources and reserves. Also, some other issues related to the oil shale industry are investigated, such as economics, extraction technologies of shale oil, and the environmental impacts.     

毕节市王家坝井田C6-1、C7煤层煤质特征分析与评价

对勘探范围内毕节市王家坝井田的可采煤层地质储量进行了估算,并对C6-1和C7煤层进行了煤质特征分析与评价。研究表明,C6-1及C7煤层显微煤岩类型为微镜惰煤,显微矿化类型为微复矿质煤;C6-1煤层为中灰、中硫、高热值、特低挥发分、低磷、特低氯、一级砷高熔灰煤。C7煤层为低中灰、特低硫、特高热值、特低挥发分、特低磷、特低氯、一级砷高熔灰煤。煤类划分C6-1及C7煤层均属无烟煤三号,可广泛作为民用、化工、动力和火力发电用煤,其洗精煤可考虑供高炉喷吹用煤。     

新疆三塘湖盆地侏罗系烃源岩的显微组分组成及生烃组分剖析

运用有机岩石学全岩分析方法，对新疆三塘湖盆地中、下侏罗统煤系烃源岩进行了显微组分组成与生烃组分剖析。三塘湖盆地烃源岩显微组分中富含镜质组、贫腐泥组，明显具有高等植物陆源有机质占绝对优势的特点。显微组分含量与组成在各层段中呈现均不衡性，八道湾组为该区的主力烃源岩，孢子体和角质体是煤成油的最主要的生烃组分，渗出沥青体、微粒体的出现为该区烃类生成提供了证据。