Isolation of the effect of the hairy layer length on the mechanical properties of waterborne coatings

The effect of the acidic hairy layer length on the interdiffusion of polymer between particles and as a consequence on the mechanical properties of the films produced from waterborne coatings has been studied. In order to isolate this effect, latexes with the same particle diameter and molecular weight but stabilized with poly(acrylic acid)-block-poly(butyl acrylate) (PAA-b-PBA) block copolymers of controlled and different lengths were prepared. Tensile strength measurements showed at the macroscopic level that the presence of AA chains in the particle surface reduced the mechanical properties of the films dried at room temperature, being its effect worse the longer the AA chain length. Higher annealing temperatures erased the negative effect of the acidic hairy layer on mechanical properties. The neutralization with NaOH instead of with NH₄OH also led to worse mechanical properties. These macroscopic results were supported by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) experiments that showed that at the microscopic level, the extent of interdiffusion occurred slower when the AA chains in the particles surface increased, the annealing temperature was lower and when NaOH was used as neutralizing agent instead of NH₄OH.     

Statistical studies of branched ester latex and paint properties

Vinyl versatate, butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate were compared as comonomer, for colloid-stabilized vinyl acetate latex polymers to assess their impact on latex coating properties. Vinyl versatate afforded advantages in scrub resistance, gloss, hydrophobicity and higher glass transition temperatures. Butyl acrylate developed better wet adhesion efficiency, gel content and hiding efficiency. 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate offered performance comparable to butyl acrylate in hiding efficiency, lowering copolymer glass transition temperatures, and gloss development. Combinations of these monomers, in many instances, afforded a better balance of performance properties than individual monomers alone. In the subject study, a simplex-centroid design was utilized to statistically map polymer compositions for determining the effect of comonomer composition on latex and paint film properties. In addition to developing contour maps of polymer and paint properties as a function of composition, a technique for studying structure-property relationships is presented.     

Properties of latex blends and its modified cement mortars

In this paper, the mechanical properties of three latex blends and the mechanical properties and chloride diffusivity of the latex-modified mortars are studied. The relationships between the properties of polymer films formed from latex blends and the properties of the latex blend-modified mortars are illustrated. The test results showed that the modified mortar with the blend of styrene-acrylic ester (SAE) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) showed synergistic effect; especially the flexural strength of the SAE/SBR blend-modified mortars was about 20-40% higher than that of monolatex-modified mortars. However, the vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride copolymer (PVDC)/SBR and PVDC/SAE blends-modified mortars showed antisynergistic effect. The compressive strength of the modified mortars increased with the increasing of the tensile strength of the latex films, while the flexural strength of the modified mortars did not depend on the tensile strength of the latex films. When PVDC with the mass fraction of 0.2 or SAE copolymer emulsion with mass fraction of 0.4 was blended into SBR latex, the latex blend-modified mortars showed lower chloride diffusivity. The chloride diffusivity of the modified mortars increased approximately linear with the tensile strength of the latex blend films, and decreased with increase of the elongation at rupture of the latex blend films. When the elongation at rupture of the latex blend films increased from 200-300% to more than 800%, the chloride diffusivity of the modified mortars decreased from 10-15×10⁻¹² to 3-4×10⁻¹² m²/s.     

乳液聚合中乳化剂对聚合物乳液稳定性的影响

简要叙述了聚合物乳液稳定性的测定方法，详细地讨论了乳化剂的类型、用量及加入方式等对丙烯酸酯类聚合物乳液的化学稳定性、机械稳定性及贮存稳定性的影响。     

EBR胶乳凝胶的控制及其对ABS树脂冲击性能的影响

主要讨论了摩尔质量调节剂，延长后期反应时间，提高后期反应温度，过硫酸钾用量等对乙烯－丁二烯橡胶（EBR）胶乳凝胶的影响；同时讨论了低凝胶条件和高凝胶条件下凝胶对ABS树脂性能的影响。结果表明：低凝胶条件,ABS树脂的冲击性能随凝胶质量分数的增加而增加；高凝胶条件下，则随凝胶质量分的增加而降低，得到了EBR胶乳生产中凝胶的主要控制方法，并通过控制EBR胶乳凝胶来实现对ABS树脂冲击性能的控制。     

Dicyandiamide precipitation in epoxy solutions and latex dispersions: threshold concentration analysis using a two-stage drying model

We examined drying in solventborne and waterborne latex impregnating resins using gravimetric methods, focusing on the precipitation of dicyandiamide (DICY) curing agent during coalescence, in neat resin films and glass-reinforced composites. A two-stage drying model was applied to the drying data yielding a threshold concentration for DICY surface segregation in latex epoxy to be between 3 and 4.5 wt%. Faster drying kinetics correlated with reduced surface DICY segregation. Drying model results show the rapid coalescence of both a ‘skin’ layer in the drying latex and trapped DICY within the lattice before its conveyance to the surface by percolating water. The presence of dispersed obstructions led to deviations from the latex drying model, particularly at higher DICY concentrations as more DICY crystallized.     

PET金银镀铝膜专用烘烤漆的配方设计

从金银线专用烘漆的工艺和性能要求出发,探讨了聚酯真空镀铝膜(VMPET)烘漆的配方设计的要素,实验优选出氨基烘漆体系,研究表明氨基树脂和成膜树脂是获得高性能烘漆的重要因素,通过优选氨基烘漆配方各组分,可获得具有较高应用性能的金银线专用烘漆。     

Aesthetically textured,hard latex coatings by fast IR-assisted evaporative lithography

Polymer coatings with periodic topographic patterns, repeating over millimetre length scales, can be created from lateral flows in an aqueous dispersion of colloidal particles. The flow is driven by differences in evaporation rate across the wet film surface created by IR radiative heating through a shadow mask. This new process, which we call IR radiation-assisted evaporative lithography (IRAEL), combines IR particle sintering with the concept of evaporative lithography. Here, a series of experiments has been conducted in which the mass of the latex is measured as a function of the exposure time under infrared radiation through a mask. The water evaporation rates and the minimum exposure time required for a dry film are estimated as a function of the power density of the IR emitter. The temperature of the wet film is monitored to avoid overheating and boiling of the water, which will otherwise cause defects. It is demonstrated that textured films can be created on a variety of substrates (plastics, metals, paper and glass), and processing times can be as short as 5 min. We use IRAEL to decorate household goods with an aesthetic coating with the desired texture.     

聚丙烯酸酯乳胶漆质量的影响因素分析

介绍了以聚丙烯酸酯和颜料及助剂为主要原料生产的建筑乳胶漆,讨论了成品在储存过程中发生沉降分层现象,分析了致使成品质量下降的原因,提出了需要采取的措施及解决方法。     

室温下丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液的可见光交联研究

在丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液中加入光活性乙烯基不饱和交联单体和与可见光匹配的光敏引发剂共混后涂膜并在室温自然光下固化交联。考察了光敏引发剂用量、交联单体种类和用量、交联时间对乳胶膜交联程度的影响。结果表明以异丙基硫杂蒽酮 ( ITX)为光引发剂 ,分别以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯 ( GMA)、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯 ( TPGDA)及三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯 ( TMPTA)为交联单体时 ,2～ 3h乳胶膜交联程度大于5 0 %,8h内交联程度大于 80 %。