A novel strategy based on salp swarm algorithm for extracting the maximum power of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Cell temperature and water content of the membrane have a significant effect on the performance of fuel cells. The current-power curve of the fuel cell has a maximum power point (MPP) that is needed to be tracked. This study presents a novel strategy based on a salp swarm algorithm (SSA) for extracting the maximum power of proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). At first, a new formula is derived to estimate the optimal voltage of PEMFC corresponding to MPP. Then the error between the estimated voltage at MPP and the actual terminal voltage of the fuel cell is fed to a proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID). The output of the PID controller tunes the duty cycle of a boost converter to maximize the harvested power from the PEMFC. SSA determines the optimal gains of PID. Sensitivity analysis is performed with the operating fuel cell at different cell temperature and water content of the membrane. The obtained results through the proposed strategy are compared with other programmed approaches of incremental resistance method, Fuzzy-Logic, grey antlion optimizer, wolf optimizer, and mine-blast algorithm. The obtained results demonstrated high reliability and efficiency of the proposed strategy in extracting the maximum power of the PEMFC.     

Study on maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic array in irregular shadow

Traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods can hardly find global maximum power point (MPP) because output characteristics curve of photovoltaic (PV) array may have multi local maximum power points in irregular shadow, and thus easily fall into the local maximum power point. To address this drawback, Considering that sliding mode variable structure (SMVS) control strategy have such advantages as simple structure, fast response and strong robustness, and P&O method have the advantages of simple principle and convenient implementation, so a new algorithm combining SMVS control method and P&O method is proposed, besides, PI controller is applied to reduce system chattering caused by switching sliding surface. It is applied to MPPT control of PV array in irregular shadow to solve the problem of multi-peak optimization in partial shadow. In order to verity the rationality of the proposed algorithm, the experimental circuit is built, which achieves MPPT control by means of the proposed algorithm and P&O method. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional P&O algorithm, the proposed algorithm can fast track the global MPP, tracking speed increases by 60% and the relative error decreased by 20%. Moreover, the system becomes more stable near the MPP, the fluctuations of output power is greatly reduced, and thus make full use of solar energy.     

储能设备获最大功率的改进型光伏充电系统设计

针对光伏充电系统中能量利用率不高的问题,给出了改进型光伏充电系统的硬件及软件系统的设计方法。该系统基于低功耗单片机MSP430F1611,利用扰动观察法,通过控制数字电位器来间接调节MPPT变换器的输出电压,从而光伏电池功率与MPPT变换器效率在比值最优的情况下,可使得储能设备获得最大功率。经过仿真验证,该方法可以达到预期的效果,储能设备在同等条件下能获得更多的电能。     

基于模糊控制-扰动观察法的光伏MPPT跟踪技术

本文提出了基于模糊控制-扰动观察法的光伏MPPT跟踪技术。通过分析光伏电池的工作特性,建立光伏电池输出功率的数学模型,进一步建立了模糊控制-扰动观察法的实施步骤,并搭建了Matlab/Simulink仿真模型,对扰动观察法的光伏MPPT跟踪技术与提出的跟踪技术进行了仿真,并对两种跟踪技术仿真数据进行了对比。仿真表明,所提的方法功率波动范围小,跟踪精度高,能以很快的速度达到最大功率点等优点。     

三相光伏发电系统在小型低压配网中的应用研究

研究了光伏电池的数学模型,采用扰动观察法实现在光照变化时的最大功率跟踪.将多组光伏电池串并联,通过boost升压电路连到三相逆变器的直流侧,逆变器的交流侧通过LC滤波器直接连到电网.三相逆变器采用PQ解耦的控制策略,在Matlab/Simulink中建立其详细模型.研究三相光伏发电系统在0.4kV小型低压配网中的应用,分析了低压配网在并网和孤岛运行时的功率电压特性,验证了这种应用的可行性.     

Z源逆变器光伏发电系统变量调制范围随动的两级控制研究

Z源逆变器光伏发电系统是一种具有升/降压功能的单级系统,可以通过调节直通占空比实现前级光伏电池的最大功率跟踪（MPPT）控制,然后由逆变器调制因子m实现并网控制.提出了一种直通占空比调制范围上限随动的两级控制策略.该策略兼顾了两级控制和单级控制的优点：充分利用了直通零矢量,使逆变器的调制因子m增大,直流电压利用率高,相应的有源器件的电压应力和逆变器输出电流谐波得到很大地改善;消除了光伏电池和电网之间的影响.仿真和实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性与实用性.     

单周控制光伏并网系统的最大功率控制研究

单周控制的单级全桥光伏并网系统具有容量大、效率高、成本低等优点.但现有基于单周控制的光伏电池最大功率跟踪存在着难以搜索最大功率点、难以稳定工作在最大功率点以及搜索精度差等缺点.针对以上不足,提出了基于增量电导的光伏电池最大功率跟踪算法,该算法将光伏电池输出功率引入到单周控制的输入量中,同时优化了光伏电池输出电压的给定量.该算法在硬件上实现简单,仿真和实验结果表明该算法能够准确跟踪光伏电池最大功率点,并具有较高的精度和稳定性.     

黄河水院光伏发电系统最大功率跟踪控制研究

分析了最大功率点跟踪的基本扰动观测法的原理和优缺点,提出了一种改进算法,即加入步长变化的环节,在工作点远离最大功率点区间时,设定扰动步长相对较大;在工作点接近最大功率点区间时,设定步长相对较小。通过仿真实验对改进算法进行了验证,得出该算法既能在稳态时减小功率损失,又能在外界条件剧烈变化时提高动态响应和系统稳定性,从而达到预定控制效果。     

光伏电池的 MPPT 技术研究

针对光伏电池的最大功率点跟踪技术（ MPPT ）,对比分析了扰动观察法、电导增量法的技术原理和工程应用优缺点,为解决局部阴影情况下的多峰值问题,提出了一种改进的PSC-MPPT算法,通过Matlab软件建立模型对比仿真试验,证明了算法的时效性和精确性。     

基于改进MPPT算法的光伏并网系统研究

光伏并网逆变器是光伏发电系统中重要环节,为使逆变过程中光伏电池输出功率最大,需要对光伏电池的最大功率点进行跟踪.常用最大功率跟踪方法会产生误判现象,不仅会降低光伏电池能量转换效率,而且还会造成并网电流产生畸变.针对上述问题,笔者改进了传统扰动观察法,提出了一种改进型MPPT算法,并在Matl ab/Simul ink环境下搭建了含有Boost电路的两级式光伏并网逆变器系统.仿真实验表明,含有改进型MPPT的光伏并网逆变器能够有效提高光伏电池输出功率.