苎麻阳离子改性的研究（三）：改性苎麻的染色机理

采用上染速率，等温吸附模型，Ｚｅｔａ电位、染料与纤维的结合力等方法从理论上研究了改性苎麻的染色机理，苎麻改性后，纤维表面的Ｚｅｔａ电位由原来的－４２ｍＶ提高到－１８ｍＶ，正电性显著增加，提高了阴离子染料对改性苎麻的亲和力，上染率高，节约染料。     

聚乙烯加工流变改性剂对LLDPE／HDPE流变性能的影响

本文介绍在ＬＬＤＰＥ（７０４７）／ＨＤＰＥ（６０９８）共混物（重量比为９０：１０）中加０．５％、１．０％、１．３％、１．５％、２％的聚乙烯加工流变改性剂，采ＸＬＹ－Ⅱ型毛细管流变仪测其流变性能。结果表明，加入ＱＬＹ树脂后，该本系的剪切速率增，表观粘度下降，活化降低，熔体乃属假塑性流体。     

PVC新型改性剂AS的合成与应用

本文主要介绍ＰＶＣ新型改性剂ＡＳ树脂的合成方法、产品性能及其在ＰＶＣ异型材、管材、注射、压延片等加工领域中的应用。实验结果证明：该产品完全可以代替ＡＣＲ加工助剂，并有很好的经济效益。     

晶须镁盐/POE/聚丙烯共混体系力学性能的研究

采用晶须镁盐、POE、聚丙烯（PP）研制改性PP复合材料；讨论了晶须镁盐和增韧剂POE改性PP的机理；对改性PP进行了力学性能测试；分析了改性PP的微观结构。实验结果表明，晶须镁盐和POE并用能对PP产生良好的增韧增强作用。     

轻合金覆膜砂专用酚醛树脂的开发研究

采用具有不饱和脂肪直链的EPA改性剂参与合成酚醛树脂，用不饱和脂肪直链段部分取代亚甲基键，使酚醛树脂具有高强度和较低温度分解的特性。研究了EPA的加入量对树脂性质和覆膜砂力学性能的影响，10％是最佳值。热失重试验和高温变形曲线试验结果证明，使用该树脂混制的覆膜砂，具有强度高、溃散性好等特点。实践证明：使用该种覆膜砂浇注铸件后，工人的清砂劳动量下降，工作效率显著提高。     

A reliable modifier-adaptation strategy for real-time optimization

In model-based real-time optimization, plant-model mismatch can be handled by applying bias- and gradient-corrections to the cost and constraint functions in an iterative optimization procedure. One of the major challenges in practice is the estimation of the plant gradients from noisy measurement data, in particular for several optimization variables. In this paper we propose a new real-time optimization scheme that explores the inherent smoothness of the plant mapping to enable a reliable optimization. The idea here is to combine the quadratic approximation approach used in derivative-free optimization techniques with the iterative gradient-modification optimization scheme. The convergence of the scheme is analyzed. Simulation studies for the optimization of a ten-variable synthetic example and a reactor benchmark problem with considerable plant-model mismatch show its promising performance.     

Application of quenching–partitioning–tempering process and modification to a newly designed ultrahigh carbon steel

The applicability of quenching–partitioning–tempering (Q–P–T) process to an ultrahigh carbon steel (UHCS) has been investigated by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mechanical property tests. The molten steel was modified with a multi-component modifier-rare earth and a low melting point alloy (Al–Bi–Sb) before casting into iron molds. Observations showed that the carbide exists as partly isolated and fine blocky structure in as-cast microstructure, indicating good effect of modification. After the Q–P–T treatment, carbon was partitioned into austenite from martensite, creating a mixture of carbon-depleted martensite, carbon-enriched retained austenite and fine carbides. This kind of microstructure leads to a much higher impact toughness, 32 J/cm², in comparison with the value, i.e., no more than 20 J/cm², of the conventional quenching and tempering (Q–T) treatment at the same hardness level. Furthermore, wear-resisting property of the steel has also been investigated. It showed that the Q–P–T treated steel has better abrasive wear resistance, about 18% increased, compared with the Q–T treated alloy under high load conditions.     

Sb在高硅铝硅合金电磁分离过程中的变质行为

研究了高硅铝硅合金(45wt% Si)熔体电磁分离过程中,Sb添加量、下拉速率、温度等对分离效果的影响,对Sb在高硅铝硅合金电磁分离过程中的变质机理进行了分析。结果表明,在1500℃、下拉速率为10 μm/s时,过共晶铝硅合金熔体中加入Sb进行定向凝固后,合金部分硅铝比从11.53%降至11.21%,初晶硅富集区的硅含量从86wt%增至90wt%;当1500℃、下拉速率为40 μm/s时,合金部分硅铝比从12.56%降至12.13%,初晶硅富集区的硅含量从81wt%增至86.5wt%;加入变质剂后合金部分共晶硅相在α-Al基体中分布均匀且连续,形貌有所细化。     

氟化物在硅铁分离中的应用及作用机理

包头白云鄂博矿床的选矿实践迫切地要求解决赤铁矿与含铁硅酸盐矿物分离这一难题。本文系统地考察了三类典型氟化物——氟化钠、氟氫酸及氟硅酸钠对赤铁矿和含铁硅酸盐矿物锥辉石浮游性的调整作用,讨论了分选的选择性及影响因素,成功地实现了赤铁矿和锥辉石的人工混合矿物及实际矿石的浮选分离。本文还对氟化物与矿物作用机理进行了探讨。     

改性沥青机理及应用

系统地论述了改性沥青的机理及影响改性沥青效果的因素，并对改性沥青今后的发展提出见解。