Large-scale cooling towers as part of an efficient and cleaner energy generating technology

The present paper will outline the main aspects of the design and construction of cooling towers in Germany in the last decade. As part of electricity generating power plants, cooling towers play a significant role for the availability of reliable energy supplies, in a manner compatible with environmental requirements. They definitely belong to the largest and thinnest concrete structures at present. Because of the combined action of wind, thermal and moisture effects, special care has to be taken with regard to fatigue, cracking and corrosion to ensure an adequate level of safety and durability. Such a design strategy has been employed for the world’s tallest cooling tower at the Niederaussem power plant in Germany, with an overall height of 200 m and thickness values of 22–24 cm. Special considerations included the realistic non-axisymmetric distribution of soil characteristics, wind action due to interference effects (as determined by wind-tunnel tests), optimisation of the shell shape to improve structural and dynamic behaviour, injection of the cleaned flue-gas into the cooling tower, and the use of high-performance concrete (85 MPa) to improve shell resistance against acid attack by the cleaned flue-gas. The paper will present some results of an actual research project on this problem, which was conducted at the University of Wuppertal, to explore the use of high-performance concrete on design, stability and durability of cooling tower shells.     

一种非线性模型参考迭代学习控制算法

针对存在周期或非周期不确定干扰的非线性系统,提出一种模型参考迭代学习控制算法(MR-ILC),其目标是在被控系统满足假设条件并采用相应学习律的条件下,使被控系统的状态变量跟踪参考模型的状态变量,且两种模型不需要具有相同的结构和参数。运用λ范数证明了算法的收敛性,仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

辐射测厚仪测量精度分析与误差补偿技术

简单介绍了透射式辐射测厚原理,分析与研究了影响辐射测厚仪测量精度的各种因素.为了保证和提高测量精度,利用分段多项式曲线拟合与查表线性插值相结合的方法实现非线性补偿,利用软件查表法对测量气隙进行动态的温度补偿,利用内藏标样进行动态自动校正以实现综合误差补偿.实际应用表明,辐射测厚仪经过上述误差补偿后,测量范围广、测量精度高、性能稳定可靠、应用广泛.     

非线性光学测试装置及其初步应用

研制了非线性光学测试装置 ,文中给出了基本原理 ,测试装置方框图和部分初步应用结果。     

AD590温度传感器的非线性补偿方法

针对集成温度传感器AD590应用中存在的非线性问题,介绍了AD590的特点、工作原理及非线性误差产生的原因,重点讨论了实际应用中AD590在环境温度采集时温度补偿的几种方法,实验结果表明这些方法成本低、误差小、精度高。     

二维位置敏感器件背景光消除的神经网络方法

位置敏感器件 (position sensitive detectors,简称 PSD)是一种可直接对其光敏面上光斑位置进行检测的光电器件 ,常用于非接触高精度动态位移监测。 PSD器件使用中的一个关键问题是如何克服背景光的干扰 ,以提高检测的精度和可靠性。根据 PSD的原理及特征方程 ,分析了存在背景光时 PSD输出信号是非线性的。提出一种基于神经网络的 PSD背景光非线性修正方法。利用神经网络具有逼近任意非线性函数的特点 ,通过训练使神经网络建立在不同背景光下 PSD输出与其标准值之间的非线性映射关系 ,实现 PSD全程跟踪补偿。计算机仿真表明 ,该方法能有效地消除背景光的影响     

具有自动标定功能的发酵罐多点温度采集系统

为系统地研究发酵罐内的温度分布,开发啤酒、制药等行业所需的端面测温传感器,本文利用自制的测量多点温度的传感器,采用热电阻自动标定、曲线分段拟合非线性校正和热电阻矩阵网络等多种处理方法及微功耗的单片机技术,设计了一种新型的计算机多点温度采集系统。温度测量精度达0.1℃,完全满足系统精度要求。     

柴油机电液调速系统控制的研究

车用柴油机电液调速系统的控制,具有非线性、时变、非稳定等特点,柴油机调速控制采用采用模糊自整定PID控制和采用传统PID控制两种控制算法,都难以达到满意的控制效果.本文采用非线性控制器来控制其效果非常明显.     

Systematic design and modelling of high-resolution, high-speed pipeline ADCs

This paper describes a suitable mathematical model for the design of high-speed, high-resolution pipeline ADCs. The effect of capacitor mismatch and finite amplifier bandwidth and gain on the converter INL and DNL are accurately modelled. On the basis of this model a design optimisation method is provided.