Channel Choice,Justification of Deception,and Detection

Using Truth Default Theory, we assess whether senders choose to communicate through anonymous text chat or face‐to‐face when they deceive, and differences in receiver ability to detect deception in the 2 channels. Participants were randomly assigned as distributor or receiver in an ultimatum game. Distributors received $8 to divide between self and receiver. Receivers did not know the amount distributors had received, so distributors could deceive. Distributors used text chat more for deceptive offers; receivers were more accurate at detecting deception through text chat than face‐to‐face. When part of the distributor's allocation appeared to be won through luck, distributors were more deceptive. Distributors with more dishonest demeanors increased suspicion, but demeanor was not significantly related to detection accuracy.     

谈谈汉英翻译中词语的省略

省略技巧是汉英翻译中一项常用的技巧。词语的省略主要包括名词的省略、动词的省略、形容词的省略和副词的省略等。名词的省略主要见于两种情况：1)为了避免重复：2)汉语中有些常用词含义比较笼统、概括。动词的省略：汉语常常将两个意义相近的动词放在一起使用，英译时。为了避免重复必须省略其中一个。在以下两种情况下。形容词需要省略：1)修饰词的意义包含在被修饰的词语之中；2)某些情况下表示“多”的不确定的修饰词。副词的省略：由于英译时某些修饰副词的意义已经包含在被修饰的词语之中。因此汉语中的这些副词通常省略。     

A tool based approach to checking logical consistency in accident reports

In this paper, we present a technique to analyse consistency in accident reports. This is achieved using the prototype verification system. The relevant evidence and the rules for normal behaviour are coded as axioms. These axioms are then used to identify the cause of the accident. The key aspect of our work is to describe the system using a notion of states and state predicates. We show that our technique can be used in conjunction with other formal methods used to analyse accident reports.     

Gossiping by processors prone to omission failures

We consider the gossip problem in a synchronous message-passing system. Participating processors are prone to omission failures, that is, a faulty processor may fail to send or receive a message. The gossip problem in the fault-tolerant setting is defined as follows: every correct processor must learn the initial value of any other processor, unless the other one is faulty; in the latter case either the initial value or the information about the fault must be learned. We develop two efficient algorithms that solve the gossip problem in time O(logn), where n is the number of processors in the system. The first one is an explicit algorithm (i.e., constructed in polynomial time) sending O(nlogn+f²) messages, and the second one reduces the message complexity to O(n+f²), where f is the upper bound on the number of faulty processors.     

钢丝绳断丝检测装置的研究

讨论了钢丝绳断丝信号与噪声的频率与幅值特征，分析了断丝在线检测中的漏检与误差的原因，对研制的ＧＤＹ型钢丝断线检测仪作一简介，并提出了减少漏检与误检的一些测量措施。     

Evaluation of taste compounds of stewed beef juice

 On the basis of chemical analysis, taste activity values (ratio of concentration to taste threshold) and omission tests, the following substances and ions were identified as taste components of the juice formed during stewing of beef: 5′-inosine monophosphate, 5′-adenosine monophosphate, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, carnosine, creatinine, creatine, hypoxanthine, alanine, cysteine, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride and phosphate. The taste profile of an aqueous solution containing these components in the concentrations found in stewed beef juice in addition to gelatin was close to that of the original. Received: 30 April 1998     

Sensory study of the character impact aroma compounds of a coffee beverage

The more potent odorants in a sample of medium-roasted Arabica coffee and in the corresponding brew were quantified. Large amounts ( >75%) of acetaldehyde, 2,3-butanedione, 2,3-pentanedione, vanillin and some furanones were extracted from the coffee brew, whereas the yields of the more unpolar compounds, such as 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine, (E)-β-damascenone and the unstable 2-furfurylthiol were low (<25%). On the basis of quantitative data an aroma model was prepared for the brew. In triangle tests, models containing the complete set of 24 odorants were compared with a model missing one or more odorants. These experiments indicated that the aroma of the brew was mainly caused by some alkylpyrazines, furanones and phenols, and by 2-furfurylthiol, methional and 3-mercapto-3-methylbutyl formate. The higher impact of both methional and the formate on the aroma of the brew and the lower aroma activity of 4-vinylguaiacol were in contrast to results obtained in a previous study for ground coffee of the same provenance and roast degree. Received: 13 December 1999 / Revised version: 31 January 2000     

Taste-active components in the mantle muscle of the oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana and their effects on squid taste

Using a series of omission and addition tests and sensory evaluation of synthetic extracts, the taste-active components of the mantle muscle of the oval squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) were determined to be glycine, alanine, proline, glutamate, arginine, adenosine 5′-monophosphate, trimethylamine oxide, glycine betaine, as well as potassium, sodium, and chloride ions. A simplified synthetic extract prepared from these 11 taste-active components was found to almost reproduce the taste of the complete synthetic extract containing 45 components of S. lessoniana muscle. This was also the case for three other squid species; Loligo bleekeri, Loligo edulis, and Todarodes pacificus. When certain components were added to the simplified synthetic extracts of these three squid species – sodium ions and glycine for L. edulis, sodium ions and arginine for L. bleekeri, chloride ions, glycine, and arginine for T. pacificus – the taste of the simplified synthetic extracts approximated the extract from S. lessoniana, which had the most preferred taste.     

建筑业企业主要建筑材料消耗量统计工作中常见问题及建议

统计数据质量是统计工作的生命线,建筑业企业只有提供真实、准确、完整的统计数据,才能有效发挥统计工作的作用。随着我国经济水平的不断提升,如何做好新形势下的主要建筑材料消耗量统计工作和有效提高材料统计数据的质量,是建筑业企业统计人员应当努力的方向。