论高校计算机实验室在大学生创新实践能力培养中的作用

在计算机及其网络已经相当普及的今天,如何在计算机专业的教学中,利用各高校现有计算机实验室资源来突出对学生创新实践能力的培养,造就一批适应社会和学科飞速发展要求的优秀人才就显得十分急迫。本文就高校计算机实验室在大学生创新实践能力培养中所起的作用进行了一些有益地探讨,并提出了一些个人看法。     

民间陶瓷的现实意义

中国民间陶瓷流传远久,传递着中华大地自然的禀赋与历史的繁荣,不论造型结构、式样,或是装饰题材、内容,都是现代陶瓷艺术可借鉴的经验与成果,将民间陶瓷文化的视觉信息符号或元素融入现代陶瓷艺术之中,使民间的陶瓷语言转换为现代陶瓷艺术的话语应是当下陶艺创作的思考方向。     

Expertise and Intuition: A Tale of Three Theories

Several authors have hailed intuition as one of the defining features of expertise. In particular, while disagreeing on almost anything that touches on human cognition and artificial intelligence, Hubert Dreyfus and Herbert Simon agreed on this point. However, the highly influential theories of intuition they proposed differed in major ways, especially with respect to the role given to search and as to whether intuition is holistic or analytic. Both theories suffer from empirical weaknesses. In this paper, we show how, with some additions, a recent theory of expert memory (the template theory) offers a coherent and wide-ranging explanation of intuition in expert behaviour. It is shown that the theory accounts for the key features of intuition: it explains the rapid onset of intuition and its perceptual nature, provides mechanisms for learning, incorporates processes showing how perception is linked to action and emotion, and how experts capture the entirety of a situation. In doing so, the new theory addresses the issues problematic for Dreyfus’s and Simon’s theories. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

整合开源工具的小型搜索引擎构建

在介绍了搜索引擎基本原理和构架的基础上,提出了一种整合Larbin、Lucene、ICATLAS等多种开源工具快速构建小型搜索引擎的实验方案。实验表明,该引擎能有效完成网页的采集、处理、索引和检索等工作。     

怎样培养学生的体育意识及能力

要实现终身体育的教育目标 ,学校应加强学生的体育意识及能力培养。可以通过开展选项教学、有意识地培养学生体育需要和加强体育理论基本知识等教学活动 ,来不断增强学生的体育意识和能力。     

Open-Source Change Logs

A recent editorial in Empirical Software Engineering suggested that open-source software projects offer a great deal of data that can be used for experimentation. These data not only include source code, but also artifacts such as defect reports and update logs. A common type of update log that experimenters may wish to investigate is the ChangeLog, which lists changes and the reasons for which they were made. ChangeLog files are created to support the development of software rather than for the needs of researchers, so questions need to be asked about the limitations of using them to support research. This paper presents evidence that the ChangeLog files provided at three open-source web sites were incomplete. We examined at least three ChangeLog files for each of three different open-source software products, namely, GNUJSP, GCC-g++, and Jikes. We developed a method for counting changes that ensures that, as far as possible, each individual ChangeLog entry is treated as a single change. For each ChangeLog file, we compared the actual changes in the source code to the entries in the ChangeLog> file and discovered significant omissions. For example, using our change-counting method, only 35 of the 93 changes in version 1.11 of Jikes appear in the ChangeLog file—that is, over 62% of the changes were not recorded there. The percentage of omissions we found ranged from 3.7 to 78.6%. These are significant omissions that should be taken into account when using ChangeLog files for research. Before using ChangeLog files as a basis for research into the development and maintenance of open-source software, experimenters should carefully check for omissions and inaccuracies.     

A robotic intelligent wheelchair system based on obstacle avoidance and navigation functions

Abstract. David Chalmers argues that a materialist theory of mind is in principle unattainable because consciousness does not logically supervene on the physical. In order to demonstrate this, he needs to make a convincing case for the conceptual possibility of zombies. His position, however, is rather tenuous due to the paradoxical nature of phenomenal judgments (among other things). That is, the fact that zombies would have to talk about consciousness and conscious experience may render them inconceivable. It is argued that this paradox is indeed fatal to his position, because zombies will never make meaningful phenomenal judgments.     

Science and animal welfare in France and European Union: Rules,constraints, achievements

The welfare of food-producing animals is a focus of public debate in Europe. Political institutions, have introduced regulations based on scientific data. Meanwhile, the practices of producers and transformers were modified. Implementation of care practices is added to the goal of sustainable basic health of animals. Nevertheless urban consumers still look for the “naturalness” of living animals. A brief historical perspective introduces the building process of European regulations. A short list of Directories and Recommendations provides a clue on the complexity of resulting construct. Now, this complexity is calling for simplification of rules while practices should be compatible with professional constraints. Few selected examples are brought to illustrate how the concepts initially studied by scientists (welfare, pain, stress, “consciousness”/awareness) were integrated in regulations and implemented by producers and meat industry in order to simultaneously maintain the requirements for high quality and security standards. At the same time, free trade market constraints introduced new distortions, in particular those linked to the world demand for proteins. Indeed, the controversy about animal welfare, initially brought on ethical grounds, became a case for ongoing adjustements of EU policy, requesting to combine scientific knowledge on animals, consequent evolution in the representation of animals by urban consumers with the challenge of adaptation and implemention of regulations.     

3D printing as a means of learning and communication: The 3Ducation project revisited

This research project explores to what extent the utilization of open-source 3D printers and 3D design software could serve as means of learning and communication. The principles of non-formal education aligned with the concept of constructionism are used to create an experimental educational scenario focused on geocultural tourism for persons with visual impairments. This paper documents our experience and presents our findings from a 25-day long project, which took place in Zagori, northwestern Greece. 11 high school students from Portugal designed and manufactured natural and cultural heritage artifacts carrying messages in the Braille language. The objects were then handed to people with visual impairments with a twofold aim. First, to enable the communication among persons with and without visual impairments; and, second, to empower students to participate in training projects through open educational procedures. We conclude that open educational practices can boost students’ active engagement in educational processes. Finally, 3D printing encourages a meaningful communication among people with and without visual impairments via the tangible exploration of geocultural components.     

Producing mind

Those who support a computationalist view of the mind tend to hold that it must apply to all aspects of mentality. This view is called computational universalism. An apparently opposed perception-phenomenal universalism-is that consciousness is at the root of all mental processes. Computationalists tend to cognitivize, or otherwise play down, phenomenal consciousness. The recent book by David Chalmers proposes one way to take both computation and phenomenal consciousness seriously. A different way is explored here, which avoids the commitment to a non-materialist ontology of consciousness in Chalmers' position. This alternative approach rejects universalism of both the computational and the phenomenal kinds. Instead a pluralistic view of mind is proposed. Cognitive and phenomenal aspects of mind are to be taken as equally fundamental and as complementary. Cognitive or productive aspects of mind have their own kind of reality which is independent of consciousness. Semantic content may well result from the combination of cognitive productivity and consciousness. The view proposed offers solutions to old problems affecting computational accounts.