钢包精炼炉智能底吹氩控制系统

针对炼钢工艺中吹氩流量控制的缺点，提出基于模糊理论的控制方案，采用可编程序控制器作为控制器，应用PCM脉冲编码技术，对钢包吹氩流量进行精确控制。该系统已在数家炼钢厂投入使用，运行结果表明：本系统具有高效节能的优点，相对于传统的吹氩控制，本机吨钢吹氩量仅为前者的2／3；更能有效地提高钢的纯净度和质量；比传统的吹氩精炼时间缩短1／5。     

中温相变蓄热材料研究进展

对中温相变蓄热材料(PCM)的定义范畴、应用领域、国内外发展现状进行了评述。中温PCM主要针对90~550℃的热动力环境,在太阳能热发电、有机朗肯循环、移动蓄热技术、分布式能源系统等方面有广阔的应用前景。指出进一步的研究方向是拓展中温PCM的应用场合,规范长期稳定性的表征与测试手段,重视与换热器开发以及应用领域的整合,并提出硝酸盐熔融盐混和物将是今后一段时期内中温PCM研发和培育的重点产品对象。     

天然气管道间接检测技术及应用

为了预防天然气管道发生腐蚀后引发泄漏等一系列安全事故,对管道开展周期性检测工作可以及时发现缺陷并采取修复、补强等措施。对比了目前常见的几种管道间接检测技术原理及其优缺点,并分别采用多频管中电流检测（PCM）、交流地电位梯度检测（ACVG）、直流地电位梯度法（DCVG）对一条Φ273 mm埋地钢制管道进行检测和开挖验证。结果表明,DCVG和ACVG检测法对管道外防腐层破损点定位的精确性和准确度最高,因此在对埋地钢制管道进行外腐蚀检测过程中,建议优先选用这两种方法对管道外防腐层进行破损点检测,同时尽可能缩小测试间距,减少大缺陷产生的电位梯度的影响,提高检测精度。     

PCM调制法在电液控制中的应用

本文阐述了用PCM调制法进行压力控制和流量控制的方法,并介绍了它在注塑成型机的速度与压力控制中的应用。     

Mechanical properties of concrete containing phase-change material

This study aimed to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete containing solid–liquid phase-change material (PCM) and focused on two key factors. First, a systematic study on the mechanical performance of PCM-modified concretes was conducted, including compressive, elastic modulus, and shrinkage tests. Second, because PCM provides high latent heat during the solid–liquid phase change, the effects of the solid phase and liquid phase on the mechanical properties of concrete were also explored. Results of this study showed that the solid–liquid phase of PCM affected the mechanical properties of concrete. For example, the compressive strength of 10% PCM concrete in solid phase (23 °C) and liquid phase (40 °C) at 28 days was 29.30 and 19.57 MPa, respectively. In addition, with increasing PCM content, the mechanical properties were degraded. For example, 10, 20, and 30% of PCM content lowered the compressive strength by 35.4, 58.4, and 74.3%, respectively. Therefore, concrete with PCM may not be suitable for structural elements. However, PCM is an important solution for optimizing energy consumption in modern buildings. It can absorb or emit large amounts of heat to store or release thermal energy. These properties can be used to control building temperatures resulting in energy saving and carbon reduction.     

基于元胞自动机的分布式数据挖掘分类器

针对常用分类方法分类精度较低和内存消耗较高的问题,设计一种基于多吸引子元胞自动机（MACA）的模式分类器tsPCM,把它应用于分布式数据挖掘。通过改变MACA的描述方法,用依赖串和依赖向量将分类过程设计成两阶段,用遗传算法优化设计。实验结果表明tsPCM具有较高的分类精度和较低的内存消耗,分类复杂度由O（n^3）降低到线性级O（n）,具有较好的应用价值。     

Generalized Possibilistic Fuzzy C-Means with novel cluster validity indices for clustering noisy data

A generalized form of Possibilistic Fuzzy C-Means (PFCM) algorithm (GPFCM) is presented for clustering noisy data. A function of distance is used instead of the distance itself to damp noise contributions. It is shown that when the data are highly noisy, GPFCM finds accurate cluster centers but FCM (Fuzzy C-Means), PCM (Possibilistic C-Means), and PFCM algorithms fail. FCM, PCM, and PFCM yield inaccurate cluster centers when clusters are not of the same size or covariance norm is used, whereas GPFCM performs well for both of the cases even when the data are noisy. It is shown that generalized forms of FCM and PCM (GFCM and GPCM) are also more accurate than FCM and PCM. A measure is defined to evaluate performance of the clustering algorithms. It shows that average error of GPFCM and its simplified forms are about 80% smaller than those of FCM, PCM, and PFCM. However, GPFCM demands higher computational costs due to nonlinear updating equations. Three cluster validity indices are introduced to determine number of clusters in clean and noisy datasets. One of them considers compactness of the clusters; the other considers separation of the clusters, and the third one considers both separation and compactness. Performance of these indices is confirmed to be satisfactory using various examples of noisy datasets.     

实验用遥测信号源的设计与实现

为了满足遥测遥控专业本科生实验教学的需要，实验室经常要用到专用的遥测信号源，以提供帧结构可变的PCM遥测信号。在给出了一种自行研制的简易遥测信号源的基础上，对其基本设计思想、系统组成和工作原理等方面作了较为详细的介绍。实践表明：该设计与实现方法具有独特的创意，满足了教学需求。     

基于DSP+CPLD的新型G.703同向接口转换装置

电力系统通信中常用的脉冲编码调制PCM(Pulse Code Modulation)复用设备不仅能提供语音接口，同时也能提供符合ITU-T G．703 64k bit／s同向接口标准的数据接口。这种数据接口能提供比Modem更高的通信速率。然而，由于接口匹配上的原因，用户在使用该接口时往往需要专用的转换装置进行接口转换。提出并实现一种新型的基于数字信号处理器DSP(Digital Signal Processor) 复杂可编程逻辑器件CPLD(Complex Programmable Logic Device)的G.703同向接口转换装置。其突出优点在于能给用户数据端提供一个高速的通用异步串行口，为用户的通信接入提供一种灵活而廉价的解决方案。     

浅谈NokiaPCM设备的维护

为了保障系统通信正常运行，对PCM设备的维护管理是非常重要的。文中介绍了对Nokia公司PCM设备的故障分析、故障定位和故障处理的方法，为相关的维护管理工作提供了一定的参考。