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本文利用可控平均冷却速度的单向凝固实验炉测定了45号钢在不同平均冷却速度下的冷却曲线,由此得到其在凝固期间的平均冷却速度R,相应地测量了不同平均冷却速度下试样的二次枝晶臂间距S2,通过回归,得到了如下关系式:S2=727R-0.41,并将引式成功地应用于实际生产中。 相似文献
3.
Effects of circumferential pick spacing on boom type roadheader cutting head performance 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
E. Mustafa Eyyuboglu Naci Bolukbasi 《Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology incorporating Trenchless Technology Research》2005,20(5):418-425
Effects of equal and unequal circumferential pick spacing on the performance of boom type roadheaders having cylindrical cutting heads are investigated. For this purpose, two experimental cutting heads with equal and unequal circumferential spacing are designed and manufactured. The cutting head with unequal circumferential spacing is specifically designed to prevent tool-holder overlap at the nose section. Manufacturing difficulties associated with equal circumferential pick spacing due to tool-holder overlap are discussed with solid modeling and practical applications. The heads are tested at Park Cayirhan Coal Mine in Turkey and their cutting performances are analysed. Although better cutting performance for equal circumferential spacing are predicted by force–balance analysis, in situ measurements of instantaneous (net) traversing speed and cutting rate, pick consumption rate and machine vibration show that no significant difference exists between the performances of the two cutting heads. 相似文献
4.
利用光学显微镜(OM)和TEM,研究了全层状TiAl合金的层片间距的影响因素及与各因素的关系。实验结果表明,全层状TiAl合金的层片间距与冷却速度和合金中铝含量有关,层片间距与冷却速度呈反比关系,并随着合金中铝含量的增加而增加。同时,以层片生长的台阶机制为基础,推导出了全层状TiAl合金在连续冷却过程中层片间距的数学表达式,推导结果与实验结果相符。 相似文献
5.
Finer lamellar spacing in the lamellar structure of a Ti–45Al–2Nb–2Mn + 0.8 vol.%TiB2 (45XD) alloy does improve the primary creep resistance. However, the unstable nature of the fine plate contributes largely to the degradation of the lamellar structure and a rapid increase in the tertiary creep rate, indicating that a fine lamellar structure has a detrimental effect on the long-term creep. 相似文献
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In order to meet the requirement of structural inspection,the crack spacing and crack width at various heights in the tensile zone of six large depth reinforced concrete beams were measured under several loading levels of serviceability state.The effects of the depth of normal section beams on the crack spacing and crack width were analyzed,and the modified model is proposed for calculating the average crack spacing by thinking about the depth of normal section,the reinforcement arrangement and the effective reinforcement ratio.The relationships of crack widths at any position in the tensile zone and at the reinforcement level on the side surface of beam were studied.By theoretical and statistical analysis,a method is proposed to calculate the ratios of crack widths between any position and the reinforcement level on the side surface of large depth reinforced concrete beams. 相似文献
8.
针对符合多簇拉普拉斯分布的功率角度谱,推导了适用于均匀线阵和均匀圆阵信道相关性的闭式表达式. 该表达式反映了信道角度功率谱以及交叉极化鉴别率对信道相关性的影响. 比较了具有相同角度扩展的单簇与多簇拉普拉斯角度功率谱引入信道相关性的差异. 分析了簇内角度扩展不同时,天线阵列信道相关性随均匀线阵天线间距或均匀圆阵半径的变化. 给出了簇内平均角和簇内角度扩展分别取不同值时,信道交叉极化鉴别率对应的等效天线间距. 相似文献
9.
为提高高速铁路的防灾能力,确保救援定点布局经济合理,采用约束最优化法进行长大桥梁救援定点的选址决策.研究分析救援定点选址决策的3个约束条件:设置间距、风险等级和救援时程.以各地方救援部门至救援定点的时程总和最小为目标,建立长大桥梁救援定点的选址决策模型,并对模型进行实例验证.结果表明:当区间桥梁长度大于10 km时,应该沿线路方向每隔约6~10 km设置一处救援定点;应用贝叶斯网络理论评价救援定点备选位置的风险等级和采用Dijkstra算法求解地方救援部门至救援定点之间的最优时程是合理有效的.该模型计算过程简单,评价结果可靠,能够较好地解决长大桥梁救援定点的选址决策问题. 相似文献
10.
《矿业科学技术学报(英文版)》2017,27(1):83-90
Understanding coal mine rib behavior is important for inferring pillar loading conditions as well as ensuring the safety of miners who are regularly exposed to ribs. Due to the variability in the geometry of underground openings and ground behavior, point measurements often fail to capture the true movement of mine workings. Photogrammetry is a potentially fast, cheap, and precise supplemental measurement tool in comparison to extensometers, tape measures, or laser range meters, but its application in underground coal has been limited. The practical use of photogrammetry was tested at the Safety Research Coal Mine, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH). A commercially available, digital single-lens reflex(DSLR) camera was used to perform the photogrammetric surveys for the experiment. Several experiments were performed using different lighting conditions, distances to subject,camera settings, and photograph overlaps, with results summarized as follows: the lighting method was found to be insignificant if the scene was appropriately illuminated. It was found that the distance to the subject has a minimal impact on result accuracy, and that camera settings have a significant impact on the photogrammetric quality of images. An increasing photograph resolution was preferable when measuring plane orientations; otherwise a high point cloud density would likely be excessive. Focal ratio(F-stop) changes affect the depth of field and image quality in situations where multiple angles are necessary to survey cleat orientations. Photograph overlap is very important to proper three-dimensional reconstruction, and at least 60% overlap between photograph pairs is ideal to avoid unnecessary post-processing. The suggestions and guidelines proposed are designed to increase the quality of photogrammetry inputs and outputs as well as minimize processing time, and serve as a starting point for an underground coal photogrammetry study. 相似文献