Camera calibration in sport event scenarios

The main goal of this paper is the design of a novel and robust methodology for calibrating cameras from a single image in sport scenarios, such as a soccer field, or a basketball or tennis court. In these sport scenarios, the only references we use to calibrate the camera are the lines and circles delimiting the different regions. The first problem we address is the extraction of image primitives, including the challenging problems of shaded regions and lens distortion. From these primitives, we automatically recognise the location of the sport court in the scene by estimating the homography which matches the actual court with its projection onto the image. This is achieved even when only a few primitives are available. Finally, from this homography, we recover the camera calibration parameters. In particular, we estimate the focal length as well as the position and orientation in the 3D space. We present some experiments on models and real courts which illustrate the accuracy of the proposed methodology.     

Scheduling the professional soccer leagues of Austria and Germany

Generating a regular season schedule is a demanding task for any sports league. In Europe, the creation of a suitable schedule for every national top soccer league not only has to address numerous conflicting inner-league requirements and preferences. Additionally, the games of the European Cup matches (Champions League, UEFA Cup, National Cup Winners) have to be taken into account. In this paper we consider the case of Austria and Germany, that is the planning problem the “Deutsche Fußball-Bund” (DFB) and the “Österreichische Fußball-Bund” (ÖFB) are confronted with. For both leagues we develop models and algorithms which yield reasonable schedules quickly. The models borrow their expressive power from so-called partially renewable resources. Our approach generates schedules which have been accepted for play once by the DFB and six times by the ÖFB.     

Measuring overall thermal comfort to balance energy use in sports facilities

A study for the development of a monitoring methodology that includes thermal comfort in a smart metering system for sports facilities is presented. The scope of this system is to obtain meaningful information on how energy is used in relation to the level of comfort perceived, so as to allow fully informed management operations. The main problem to be addressed is the accurate quantitative measurement of the thermal comfort inside indoor sports areas (e.g. swimming pools, fitness rooms, etc.), which in this work is estimated through the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) index. The paper describes what needs to be dynamically measured, which parameters are required, which critical uncertainty factors may arise and how to estimate the indicators. A sensitivity and uncertainty analysis for the PMV measurement in this specific application is performed to develop a simplified approach. The results obtained from the measurement campaigns made in two different sports areas are presented to validate the approach. Finally, a simulation of swimming pool data is used to preliminarily demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the global monitoring system proposed.     

Formula One’s new urban economies

The Formula One (F1) industry has become a true microcosm of the world economy, as new business opportunities surface in emerging countries. Until the beginning of the twenty-first century, this sport was mostly relevant to traditional western urban elites, but since then, the F1 calendar has been largely altered to the benefit of ‘dominant-emerging cities’ and to the detriment of more traditional destinations. This article focuses on this urban question through a historical analysis of the F1 circuit’s expansion phases as well as through a study of the current Grand Prix’s estimate sanction fee.     

竞技体育运动训练机能监控预警系统的研究与应用

运用计算机与数据库技术,根据竞技体育运动训练机能监控的需求,构建竞技体育运动训练机能监控预警系统。该系统主要包括运动员基本信息管理、训练计划与测试方案、测试数据录入与查询、机能评定与监控预警,通过该系统实现对运动员运动训练机能监控预警。     

用于运动监护的心电模拟前端的设计

运动状态下,心脏的负荷增大,冠心病、心肌缺血等症状更容易在心电信号中表现出来,所以运动状态下测得的心电信号更能反映心脏的健康状况。设计了一种特殊结构的心电模拟前端,具有很高的输入阻抗(100 G||3pF)和极小的输入偏置电流(70 pA),在不使用贴片电极和导电膏的条件下,实现运动过程中的心电信号采集。该模拟前端能够有效抑制射频干扰、工频干扰和肌电干扰,保证心电信号的质量。采集到的心电数据经蓝牙无线传输到智能手机上,实现心电波形的分析与显示。实验结果表明,该模拟前端具备体积小、佩戴方便、低功耗等优点,与智能手机结合方便地实现运动心电监护的功能。     

Assessing nutritional quality of milk-based sport supplements as determined by furosine

Milk proteins have a strong position in the sport nutrition markets, such as sport supplements for highly trained athletes, apart from bodybuilders. Furosine, a well-known index for the availability of lysine and subsequently of the extent of the Maillard reaction, was evaluated in different common ingredients used for formulation, as well in commercial sport supplements. Furosine content ranged from 2.8 to 1125.7 mg/100 g protein in commercial sport supplements being usually lower in samples containing mainly whey protein isolates or casein, as compared with whey protein concentrates. It is estimated that 0.1–36.7% of the lysine content is not available in this type of products. The use of high quality ingredients for the manufacture of sport supplements reveals important, since it could be the major source of protein intake of certain group of consumers in high or moderate training regime. Furosine is an appropriate indicator to estimate the nutritional quality of sport supplements. A reference value of 70 mg furosine/100 g protein content in dried sport supplements could be set up for controlling the quality of milk-based ingredients used in the formulation. Samples with higher levels are suspected of use of low quality milk-based ingredients or inappropriate storage conditions.     

贵阳奥体中心地下车库跳仓法施工技术

贵阳奥体中心地下车库长170.4m,宽67.8m,属于大体积混凝土工程.采用跳仓法施工,将混凝土结构划分为2个大区,12个分仓区域.施工前,通过计算确定了合理的分仓间距;通过原材料控制,确定了最终的配合比.施工过程中,采用合理的施工流程,控制分仓混凝土的浇筑时间,采取正确的分仓缝处理措施及混凝土浇筑和养护措施,顺利地完成了混凝土施工.     

贵阳奥体中心主体育场异形柱施工技术

贵阳奥体中心主体育场南北看台有36根混凝土弧形柱,西看台有20根钢结构Y形柱和10根混凝土Y形柱.由于施工荷载大,仅靠模板体系承担施工荷载困难.经过计算,决定通过合理分段,依靠Y形柱和弧形柱自身的承载能力承担施工荷载.弧形柱分3步施工,Y形柱分5步施工.为保证弧形柱和Y形柱的施工质量和清水混凝土效果,采用定型钢模板施工,工厂制作,现场拼装.主要介绍了弧形柱和Y形柱的模板体系及支撑体系的选择以及施工技术.     

体育场馆与商业开发的双赢——临安体育文化会展中心设计

我国目前广泛兴起了体育场馆的建设热潮,与此形成鲜明对比的是,由于缺乏足够的赛事支撑,大量新建的体育场馆面临长期空置与维护不力的尴尬局面。临安体育文化会展中心力图避免这一结果,通过设计一个以体育活动为基本主题的新型城市综合体,尝试创建一种融合体育赛事,市民休闲,商业活动为一体的新型体育类建筑模式,从而寻找到体育场馆与商业开发之间的结合点,以商业活动支撑体育场馆的日常运营维护,同时提供给广大群众一个亲民开放的城市公共空间。