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1.
Supported metal catalysts, particularly noble metals supported on SiO2, have attracted considerable attention due to the importance of the silica–metal interface in heterogeneous catalysis and in electronic device fabrication. Several important issues, e.g., the stability of the metal–oxide interface at working temperatures and pressures, are not well-understood. In this review, the present status of our understanding of the metal–silica interface is reviewed. Recent results of model studies in our laboratories on Pd/SiO2/Mo(1 1 2) using LEED, AES and STM are reported. In this work, epitaxial, ultrathin, well-ordered SiO2 films were grown on a Mo(1 1 2) substrate to circumvent complications that frequently arise from the silica–silicon interface present in silica thin films grown on silicon. 相似文献
2.
Marcia Cristina Kaezer Fran a Rosane Aguiar da Silva San Gil Jean-Guillaume Eon 《Catalysis Today》2003,78(1-4):105-115
γ-Al2O3 supported vanadium oxides were modified by tungsten and molybdenum oxides in order to improve dispersion and selectivity towards olefins in propane oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH). Both vanadium–tungsten and vanadium–molybdenum catalysts were obtained by adsorption of mixed isopolyanions (VW5O195−, V2W4O194−, VMo5O195− and V2Mo4O194−) from aqueous solutions. The isopolyanion solutions were characterized by UV-Vis and 51V NMR spectroscopy. Vanadium, vanadium–tungsten and vanadium–molybdenum precursors and catalysts were also characterized by UV-Vis (diffuse reflectance) and solid state 51V NMR spectroscopy. An improved selectivity to propene in the presence of tungsten and molybdenum in VOx/γ-Al2O3 was observed and attributed to dilution of vanadium by tungsten or molybdenum oxides on the γ-Al2O3 surface. 相似文献
3.
Min-Seok Park Vladislav P. Vislovskiy Jong-San Chang Yong-Gun Shul Jin S. Yoo Sang-Eon Park 《Catalysis Today》2003,87(1-4):205-212
Alumina-supported vanadium oxide, VOx/Al2O3, and binary vanadium–antimony oxides, VSbOx/Al2O3, have been tested in the ethylbenzene dehydrogenation with carbon dioxide and characterized by SBET, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction and CO2 pulse methods. VSbOx/Al2O3 exhibited enhanced catalytic activity and especially on-stream stability compared to VOx/Al2O3 catalyst. Incorporation of antimony into VOx/Al2O3 increased dispersion of active VOx species, enhanced redox properties of the systems and formed a new mixed vanadium–antimony oxide phase in the most catalytically efficient V0.43Sb0.57Ox/Al2O3 system. 相似文献
4.
Preparation and characterisation of vanadium catalysts supported over alumina-pillared clays 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. A. Vicente C. Belver R. Trujillano M. A. Baares-Muoz V. Rives S. A. Korili A. Gil L. M. Gandía J. -F. Lambert 《Catalysis Today》2003,78(1-4):181-190
Supported vanadium-containing catalysts were prepared by impregnation of Al-pillared clays with NaVO3 precursor aqueous solutions. A montmorillonite and a saponite, both natural as well as previously pillared with Al13-Keggin polycations, were used as supports, being impregnated with solutions of the precursor by means of the incipient wetness technique. The layered structure of the supports is maintained after impregnation, and even after calcination of the impregnated solids at 500 °C, although with a significant worsening of the textural properties of the solids, in particular, a loss of specific surface area. Three crystalline vanadium-containing phases were identified in the impregnated solids, namely, NaV3O8, AlVO4 and V2O5 (shcherbinaite). The reduction of these phases to V3+ species was observed as wide processes in the 450–750 °C range, all of them centred at ca. 600 °C. 相似文献
5.
We consider the potential impact of Computer Supported Cooperative Work, with special reference to large technically advanced projects involving several organizations. It is vital that such projects are managed efficiently, without delays, since a product that reaches the market a few months earlier than its competitors enjoys a great advantage. Traditional methods of coordinating large projects, based on hierarchical communication, tend to produce delays, since technicians at remote sites are obliged to solve coordination problems by passing them up the hierachy. It would be better if such problems were solved by improvising conferences among the technicians; Computer Supported Cooperative Work will provide the technical means of implementing this heterarchical style of management without losing control of the project. The use of computers as a social medium raises methodological and ethical issues which are discussed in the final section. 相似文献
6.
H. Launay S. Loridant D.L. Nguyen A.M. Volodin J.L. Dubois J.M.M. Millet 《Catalysis Today》2007,128(3-4):176-182
New vanadium oxide supported on mesoporous silica catalysts for the oxidation of methane to formaldehyde were investigated by infrared and Raman spectroscopies to identify and characterize the molecular structure of the most active and selective catalytic sites. In situ and operando experiments have been conducted in order to understand the redox and hydroxylation/dehydroxylation processes of the vanadium species. (SiO)2VO(OH) species were identified in these catalysts in reaction conditions and shown to undergo a deprotonation at 580 °C under vacuum, leading to a site giving a photoluminescence band at 550 nm attributed to reverse radiative decay from the excited triplet state:
(V4+–O−)* (V5+O2−). An activation mechanism of vanadium monomeric species with electrophilic oxygen species is proposed. 相似文献
7.
Masayuki Shirai Chandrashekhar V. Rode Eiichi Mine Akiyoshi Sasaki Osamu Sato Norihito Hiyoshi 《Catalysis Today》2006,115(1-4):248-253
Catalytic ring hydrogenations of naphthalene and 1-naphthol were studied over several supported metal catalysts in supercritical carbon dioxide solvent at low temperature. Higher concentration of hydrogen in supercritical carbon dioxide and lower reaction temperature were responsible for higher catalyst activity and selectivities to the desired partial ring hydrogenated products as compared with those observed in organic solvent for the same catalyst. 相似文献
8.
Ccile Donze Pavel Korovchenko Pierre Gallezot Michle Besson 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》2007,70(1-4):621-629
The synthesis of substituted benzaldehydes, benzoic acids, heterocyclic aromatic aldehydes and acids has been studied via the oxidation of the aromatic alcohols with air under mild pressure (<20 bar) at 100 °C, in the presence of a 1.95 wt.% Pt/C catalyst. The solvent was found to play the most important role in determining the selectivity of the oxidation products. Changing the solvent enabled tuning the reaction either to the aldehyde (pure dioxane), or the carboxylic acid (dioxane/aqueous solution without or with addition of sodium hydroxide). This oxidation method allowed to effectively oxidize many substituted benzylalcohols with various electron-releasing or -attracting groups (NO2, Me, OMe, Cl, Br, OH, phenyl, …) and heterocyclic alcohols including nitrogen and sulphur atoms (2-thiophenemethanol, 2- and 4-pyridine methanol compounds). 相似文献
9.
Effects of the boundary layer and interfacial reaction on the time lag in supported liquid membranes
Jongheop Yi 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》1995,12(3):391-395
A mathematical model is proposed to describe the effects of boundary layer resistance and interfacial reaction on the time
lag in supported liquid membranes for metal ion separation. The model shows that the presence of boundary layer resistance
and interfacial reaction delays the time-lag, compared with the limiting case that rapid equilibrium at the interfaces and
negligible boundary layer resistance are assumed. Calculated result describes the expected trend and the model equation allows
one to predict the lumped parameters which represent the ratios of the diffusion time in the membrane to the characteristic
time for boundary layer transfer and interfacial reactions. 相似文献
10.
Titania (TiO2) was immobilized onto hydroxylated glass beads (HGB) via the thermal bonding and sol–gel coating methods. The photocatalytic activity and adherence stability of the prepared supported photocatalysts were studied in a fluidized bed photoreactor. P25 thermally bonded HGB was found to be more active than sol–gel coated HGB prepared with the same immobilization conditions, while both of them exhibited poor adherence stability, i.e., large amounts of immobilized TiO2 detached from HGB during the degradation. The adherence stability was improved with limited extents by increasing the calcination temperature or reducing the coverage of TiO2 on HGB, but either of these approaches resulted in lower activity. The poor adherence stability was ascribed to the fluid shear force and particle friction in fluidized bed, as well as the insufficient bonding between TiO2 and HGB in terms of the bonding mechanism.
Hydroxylated quartz sands (HQS) and silica gel beads (SGB) were further studied and used as supports. Results have shown that the adherence stability was significantly improved with SGB but only slightly improved with HQS. Characterizations results showed that a coarser surface and more surface Si–OH groups could improve the adherence stability of supported TiO2 photocatalysts. 相似文献