Analysis of low load transients for the Vandellòs-II NPP: Application to operation and control support

The Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) has been jointly working with the Asociación Nuclear Ascó-Vandellòs (ANAV) for a number of years in order to establish, qualify and use best estimate (BE) models for the reactors under the control of ANAV. ANAV is the consortium that is responsible for operation of the Ascó and Vandellòs-II reactors. The reactors are Westinghouse-design three-loop PWRs with an approximate electrical power of 1000 MW. The existing integral plant models for each plant are currently used for many different purposes among which are support of plant operation and control. Quite a number of studies have been done in order to improve both safety and plant competitiveness. Most of these dynamic analyses were carried out in relation to transients starting at nominal full power or at least, very close to full power. This paper develops a specific use of the Vandellòs-II plant model for operation and control support at low power involving new ranges of system actuation parameters. It also examines scenarios that are somewhat different from those typically analysed. The study starts showing the results of an assessment case, which is a start-up test and provides some additional qualification, and subsequently attempts to establish calculations to support both an improvement in feed water controls and to set up operating recommendations for low-load manual operation of feed water turbo-pump. Both results hopefully, will produce an outcome, which leads to an improvement in safety and reduces reactor trip probability.     

一种基于漏桶算法的模糊流量控制器的设计

设计了一种基于动态速率漏桶算法的高性能智能流量控制器。应用模糊控制原理，根据源流量情况，动态调节速率漏桶，基于对流量源实际平均信元速率的实时估计，充分利用信元加标记和放弃机制对探测到的违约元进行处理，仿真结果验证了该控制器对违约流量源具有较高的检测能力、良好的动态行为和零错误报警概率，对遵守“流量合同”连接的服务质量（QoS)比任何传统流量控制器有更好的保证。     

超高效合相色谱-串联质谱法测定口含烟中对羟基苯甲酸酯

建立了QuEChERS-超高效合相色谱-串联质谱法（UPC²-MS/MS）测定口含烟中对羟基苯甲酸酯类防腐剂。采用乙腈提取,基质分散固相萃取净化,UPC^{2 TM} HSS C18 SB色谱柱（3.0 mm×100 mm×1.8 μm）分离,内标法定量。优化后的对羟基苯甲酸酯的合相色谱分离条件为：主要流动相为CO₂,改性剂为甲醇-异丙醇混合溶液（V/V,1∶1）,系统流速1.5 mL/min,离子化辅助溶剂（补偿溶剂）为0.1%甲酸-甲醇溶液,动态备压1.03×10⁷ Pa,柱温55 ℃,可在3 min内完成单个样品分析。4种成分的线性范围均为0.5~5.0 mg/kg;在低、中、高加标水平下,方法的平均回收率为94.6%~105.6%,相对标准偏差小于5%。实际样品测定结果表明,单个成分的含量和多种成分的总含量均小于10 mg/kg,低于GB 2760-2014对于此类防腐剂在食品中添加限量的要求。该方法环境友好、高效、准确,适用于口含烟中对羟基苯甲酸酯类物质的测定。     

Design and implementation of communication system of the Dawning 6000 supercomputer

An increasing number of supercomputers adopt a heterogeneous architecture, consisting of both general purpose CPUs and specialized accelerators. Such design is beneficial for scalability and power, but on the other hand, heterogeneity brings new challenges in communication systems to connect heterogeneous components and provide support for programming. The communication system of the Dawning 6000 connects two kinds of heterogeneous processors, Loongson and AMD, and adopts a three layer architecture with an intra-node layer between heterogeneous components. To efficiently connect heterogeneous components, the system forms a global address space and provides a mechanism for message transmission via an in-node global store; and employing Infiniband network, provides an OS-bypassing virtualization method to share an Infiniband card between nodes. To facilitate programming on heterogeneous processors, it supports unified parallel C (UPC), with a modified complier based on global address space. Also, a special collective network is implemented for collective operations. Results obtained from a prototype system prove these features to be both feasible and efficient.     

超高效合相色谱法直接检测VC方法

建立超高效合相色谱法分离和测定VC的方法。超高效合相色谱技术集合超临界流体色谱和超高效液相色谱的技术优点,流动相以CO2为主体,甲醇（含0.05% H3PO4）为助溶剂。选用Waters CSH Fluoro-Phenyl（3.0 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm）色谱柱,流速0.6 mL/min,检测波长为245 nm,方法检出限为1.5 mg/kg,线性范围为5～200 mg/L;加标回收率范围为96.05%～101.15%;相对标准偏差为0.52%～0.76%,具有高效、检测速度快、操作简单、灵敏度高、检出限低、重复性好、实验成本低等优点。     

UPCBLAS: a library for parallel matrix computations in Unified Parallel C

The popularity of Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) languages has increased during the last years thanks to their high programmability and performance through an efficient exploitation of data locality, especially on hierarchical architectures such as multicore clusters. This paper describes UPCBLAS, a parallel numerical library for dense matrix computations using the PGAS Unified Parallel C language. The routines developed in UPCBLAS are built on top of sequential basic linear algebra subprograms functions and exploit the particularities of the PGAS paradigm, taking into account data locality in order to achieve a good performance. Furthermore, the routines implement other optimization techniques, several of them by automatically taking into account the hardware characteristics of the underlying systems on which they are executed. The library has been experimentally evaluated on a multicore supercomputer and compared with a message‐passing‐based parallel numerical library, demonstrating good scalability and efficiency. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of scanning technology and UPC placement on supermarket self‐checkout

Self‐checking services are offered in many supermarkets. In order to checkout efficiently, customers must locate and scan the Universal Product Code (UPC) of the items with relative ease. Otherwise, their preferences toward using the self‐checkout (SCO) stations may be negatively affected. The current literature has no focus on UPC location, and the scanning technology used effect on performance and preferences. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of these from an operational and ergonomic perspective. To that end, 2 UPC placement techniques (current and recommended placement) and 2 scanning technologies (bi‐optic and handheld scanners) were tested. The total scanning time, individual items scanning time, trunk posture, total number of wrong twists/flips, individual items wrong flips, muscle activities, and participants' subjective preferences were measured. The results revealed that total scanning time was significantly reduced when using bi‐optic scanner (F = 20.9, P < 0.01). The recommended UPC placement led to a significant improvement on UPC anticipation for both scanning technologies (F = 16.8, P < 0.01). Additionally, exposure to non‐neutral trunk posture(s) was shown to be significantly decreased in the bi‐optic condition (F = 10.4, P < 0.01). Proper UPCs' placement and bi‐optic scanner can positively improve the efficiency and experience of the SCO.     

DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF GCRA SHAPER AND ENFORCER ARCHITECTURE IN ATM NETWORKS

The leaky bucket scheme has been widely treated as a traffic control mechanism. The corresponding multi-connection shaper, which intends to make the passing traffic comply with the declared parameters in the enforcer, has also been implemented. However, we must point out that the regulated cells may be invalid at the corresponding enforcer, even if the CDV between the shaper and enforcer is neglected. In order to cope with this problem, two enforcing methods, say ALP_LB and GCRA, are tried and evaluated. We modify the GCRA algorithm, which was suggested by ITU-T recommendation I.371 and even extended by ATM Forum ’93, to be suitable for shaping. The shaper and enforcer architecture which is suitable for both ALP_LB and GCRA methods is proposed. Simulation results verify the shaping and UPC functions of GCRA. They also reveal that the GCRA shaper would not introduce long delay and queue length. The proposed shaper architecture does have some merits compared with others. Such a shaper is also suitable for regulating traffic for NPC (network parameter control) at the NNI (network node interface).     

高炉大量喷煤时煤粉在炉内利用状况的研究

分析了宝钢高炉喷煤比 (PCR)增大到 2 0 0kg/t时炉尘灰量、含碳量、炉尘中未燃煤粉 (UPC)含量的变化 ,及影响炉尘与未燃煤粉吹出量的因素。利用碳平衡模型对煤粉 (PC)在炉内不同途径的消耗量进行了解析 ,计算和实测结果表明煤粉在炉内基本全部被消耗利用。根据数据回归证明高风温是实现高煤比和强化燃烧的基础 ,而富氧率的高低只是充分条件     

Impact on retail checkout ergonomics of scanner technology evolution and package design

The design of bar code scanners has steadily improved scanning performances over the past 20 years. Changes in scan patterns, improvements in decode algorithms, and design features of the hardware user interface have resulted in scanners that are ergonomically superior both in biomechanics and overall performance. This study reviewed scanner performance and technological developments, and compare these to changes in checkstand use and the mix of merchandise packages scanned. The results indicate that the impact of future innovations in scanner design to improve throughput and the accuracy of data captured will be minimal. The greatest challenge to improve overall checkout performance is for merchandise suppliers to consider the ergonomics of scanning merchandise based on package design and placement of the bar code.

Relevance to industry

This work shows the impact of scanner design on cashier productivity in the retail checkout environment. Improvements in the user interface of scanners and the scanner optical recognition logic has shown a dramatic impact on the total percentage of scanned items. Package design and bar code placement is the next area to enhance the ergonomics of scanning.