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1.
Although rainfall input uncertainties are widely identified as being a key factor in hydrological models, the rainfall uncertainty is typically not included in the parameter identification and model output uncertainty analysis of complex distributed models such as SWAT and in maritime climate zones. This paper presents a methodology to assess the uncertainty of semi-distributed hydrological models by including, in addition to a list of model parameters, additional unknown factors in the calibration algorithm to account for the rainfall uncertainty (using multiplication factors for each separately identified rainfall event) and for the heteroscedastic nature of the errors of the stream flow. We used the Differential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis algorithm (DREAM(zs)) to infer the parameter posterior distributions and the output uncertainties of a SWAT model of the River Senne (Belgium). Explicitly considering heteroscedasticity and rainfall uncertainty leads to more realistic parameter values, better representation of water balance components and prediction uncertainty intervals. 相似文献
2.
基于宏观经济结构合理化的宁夏水资源合理配置 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
本文分析了宁夏目前经济结构下水资源利用效率及产出效益,研究在一定经济发展水平下,当资源配置最优时,最优的经济均衡增长途径。区域最优经济结构是由国民经济各部门相互依存的关联关系技术矩阵所决定的,其均衡增长率和均衡增长产出结构分别等于非负矩阵的弗罗比尼斯特征根和相对应的弗罗比尼斯向量。本文根据联合国经济发展统计数据,分析出宁夏未来调整第一产业与第二产业结构的比例,认为应适当减少宁夏高耗水水稻种植面积,逐渐把农业用水量向工业用水量转移。转变经济增长方式,从水资源的高效利用及配置出发走内涵式、节水型的社会发展道路,以解决宁夏水资源严重不足的问题。 相似文献
3.
Automatic fog detection and estimation of visibility distance through use of an onboard camera 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nicolas Hautiére Jean-Philippe Tarel Jean Lavenant Didier Aubert 《Machine Vision and Applications》2006,17(1):8-20
In this paper, we will present a technique for measuring visibility distances under foggy weather conditions using a camera mounted onboard a moving vehicle. Our research has focused in particular on the problem of detecting daytime fog and estimating visibility distances; thanks to these efforts, an original method has been developed, tested and patented. The approach consists of dynamically implementing Koschmieder's law. Our method enables computing the meteorological visibility distance, a measure defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) as the distance beyond which a black object of an appropriate dimension is perceived with a contrast of less than 5%. Our proposed solution is an original one, featuring the advantage of utilizing a single camera and necessitating the presence of just the road and sky in the scene. As opposed to other methods that require the explicit extraction of the road, this method offers fewer constraints by virtue of being applicable with no more than the extraction of a homogeneous surface containing a portion of the road and sky within the image. This image preprocessing also serves to identify the level of compatibility of the processed image with the set of Koschmieder's model hypotheses.
Nicolas Hautiére graduated from the École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État, France (2002). He received his M.S. and Ph.D. degree in computer vision, respectively, in 2002 and 2005 from Saint-Étienne University (France). From 2002, he is a researcher in the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC), Paris, France. His research interests include trafic engineering, computer vision, and pattern recognition.
Jean-Philippe Tarel graduated from the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris, France (1991). He received his Ph.D. degree in Applied Mathematics from Paris IX-Dauphine University in 1996 and he was with the Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique (INRIA) from 1991 to 1996. From 1997 to 1998, he was a research associate at Brown University, USA. From 1999, he is a researcher in the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC), Paris, France, and from 2001 to 2003 in the INRIA. His research interests include computer vision, pattern recognition, and shape modeling.
Jean Lavenant graduated from the École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État, Lyon, France (2001). He received the M.S. degree in Computer Vision from Jean Monnet university of Saint-Étienne in 2001. In 2001, he was a researcher in the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC). In 2002, he was a system engineer in Chicago (USA). He is currently an engineer for the french ministry of transports.
Didier Aubert received the M.S. and Ph.D. degree, respectively, in 1985 and 1989 from the National Polytechnical Institut of Grenoble (INPG). From 1989--1990, he worked as a research scientist on the development of an automatic road following system for the NAVLAB at Carnegie Mellon University. From 1990–1994, he worked in the research department of a private company (ITMI). During this period he was the project leader of several projects dealing with computer vision. He is currently a researcher at INRETS since 1995 and works on Road traffic measurements, crowd monitoring, automated highway systems, and driving assistance systems for vehicles. He is an image processing expert for several companies, teaches at Universities (Paris VI, Paris XI, ENPC, ENST) and is at the editorial board of RTS (Research - Transport - Safety). 相似文献
4.
在凉水河下游取河床底泥及河床下部土样,分析其NH3-N、磷和有机物的变化,发现底泥对NH3-N和磷的去除发挥了很大作用,分别是下部土壤吸附量的10倍和1倍多;土中5种氯代烃均有检出,是河水长期渗漏积累的结果。凉水河流域内的野外试验结果表明,凉水河对地下水存在污染,污染组分主要是CODCr,NH3-N也有一定污染,其他无机污染组分如NO3-N,Cr6+,TP和Pb2+对地下水的影响较小,氯代烃对地下水也有一定影响。据推测,凉水河污染对地下水的影响范围大概在河两侧80 m范围内。 相似文献
5.
The planimetric shifts in channel location of large alluvial rivers are a critical component in the creation of diverse structures and functions in riverine habitats. Engineered management schemes must also compensate for this type of channel change to protect resources and maintain navigation channels. The stability of the Lower Mississippi River channel was assessed through an analysis of historical records of channel position produced and archived by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. Channel location was recorded for the years 1765, 1820, 1881, 1915, 1930, 1937, 1960 and 1970. Channel stability was measured by two introduced metrics on a cell‐by‐cell basis: (1) the standard deviation of Euclidean distance to a channel cell for the entire period of record, and (2) the rate of Euclidean distance change between years in the period of record. At a coarse spatial scale, channel instability increased in the downstream direction. The variability of channel stability also increased in the downstream direction. Analysis of this variability identified alternating areas of high and low stability occurring with greater frequency as distance downstream increased. These findings are validated by past studies of channel stability along the Lower Mississippi River. As a result, the proposed metrics provide a consistent, quantitative, efficient and cost‐effective means of identifying areas of channel instability at several spatial scales. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
李静 《水利水电科技进展》2006,26(3):15-17
总结了20世纪80年代前珠江三角洲网河河床演变特征,并采用80年代和90年代末的河道地形图,通过对比珠江三角洲各主要河道的深泓线、平均河底高程以及河道容积、河床断面宽深比的变化,分析珠江三角洲80年代后的河床演变特征。对比分析结果表明珠江三角洲在不同时期呈现出不同的河床演变规律——20世纪80年代前以淤积为主,80年代至90年代末转变为以冲刷为主。 相似文献
7.
8.
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics were investigated over a two year period in the Upper Rhǒne River to examine the role of side-arms in providing DOC to the main channel in relation to discharge fluctuations, especially floods. Concentrations of DOC are shown to remain low in space and in time (average 1.5 mg ?1) and to be more related to global hydrological events (precipitation) than to any local flushing for backwaters during floods. The results do not support the general assumption that side-arms are the providers of DOC to the main channel. 相似文献
9.
中扬子及邻区层序地层与原型盆地演化 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
戴少武 《石油与天然气地质》2002,23(3):229-235
中扬子及邻区原型盆地可划分为 9个大层序,其中,1~6大层序由中、古生代海相地层组成;第 7大层序为早、中侏罗纪的陆相沉积;第 8大层序为晚侏罗世的前渊沉积;第 9层序为晚白垩世至第三纪的伸展盆地。震旦纪,中部地区为台地相环境,向南为浅海陆棚环境,向北以陆表海为主;寒武纪至早奥陶世为典型的大陆边缘盆地;中、晚奥陶世至志留纪为裂谷盆地发展阶段;泥盆纪至石炭纪该区发生广泛海侵,与华南海域和太平洋海域多处相连;二叠纪至早、中三叠世为原型盆地的重要转型时期,随着分隔秦岭微板块与扬子板块的勉略古洋盆向东打开,扬子北缘由前期的区域性隆起转变为向北加深的大陆边缘盆地;晚三叠世经历了两次幕式旋回,巴东组沉积时期盆地沉降缓慢,九里岗组沉积时期则较快;早、中侏罗世原型盆地早幕 (早侏罗世)沉积缓慢,晚幕 (中侏罗世)快速沉降,以水下沉积作用为主;晚侏罗世可划分为两大构造演化阶段,早期构造活动相对平静,晚期强烈;晚白垩世至老第三纪,盆地范围缩小,以湖泊、河流体系为主。由此,中扬子及邻区在地质历史时期经历了 4种不同性质的原型盆地,具有幕式充填特征。 相似文献
10.
永定新河河口潮流动力及泥沙特征初步分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
依据永定新河河口1997年潮汐观测资料及河道1990~1997年潮汐观测资料,通过实测资料的整理分析,初步揭示了永定新河河口潮流动力及泥沙特征,为河道的治理规划提供了科学的依据。 相似文献