STUDY ON Ni-Cr SYSTEM SOLAR SELECTIVE THIN FILMS PREPARED BY MAGNETRON REACTIVE SPUTTERING PROCESS

1. IntroductionSolar selective thiIl solid fil1us are the key part for solar heat collect'ors. But ll1ostfactories still produced solar absorptive filn1s by traditional tecIl11ology sucl1 as pai1ltillga1ld electrocl1eluical process that nlust result in po…     

Flat Absorber Phosphorous Black Nickel Coatings for Space Applications

A new process of flat absorber black nickel alloy coating was developed on stainless steel by electrodeposition from a bath containing nickel,zinc and ammonium sulphates;thiocyanate and sodium hypophosphite for space applications.Coating process was optimized by investigating the effects of plating parameters,viz concentration of bath constituents,current density,temperature,pH and plating time on the optical properties of the black deposits.Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed the inclusion of about 6% phosphorous in the coating.The scanning electron microscopy studies revealed the amorphous nature of the coating.The corrosion resistance of the coatings was evaluated by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear polarization (LP) techniques.The results revealed that,phosphorous addition confers better corrosion resistance in comparison to conventional black nickel coatings.The black nickel coating obtained from hypophosphite bath provides high solar absorptance (α s) and infrared emittance (ε IR) of the order of 0.93.Environmental stability to space applications was established by the humidity and thermal cycling tests.     

炎热地区"晒不热"材料的探索研究

对具有低太阳吸收率、高发射率的碱土金属碳酸盐作为炎热地区"晒不热"涂料的热效果作了初步的探索.该材料在炎热地区白天晒不热效果明显.曝晒最大升温比普通热反射涂料低2～3℃;夜间辐射制冷最大降温比普通热反射涂料多降1～2℃;24h的循环实验仍然符合以上效果;价格低廉、来源广泛,适合于炎热地区使用.     

Solution combustion of spinel CuMn2O4 ceramic pigments for thickness sensitive spectrally selective (TSSS) paint coatings

A series of spinel-type CuMn₂O₄ ceramic pigments were prepared by a facile and low-cost sol-gel solution combustion method and used as cost-effective materials to fabricate thickness sensitive spectrally selective (TSSS) paint coatings by a convenient spray-coating technique. The chemical component, crystalline morphology, and optical property of the copper manganese oxide ceramic pigment could be accurately controlled by altering the annealing temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the ceramic pigments annealed at 500 °C for 1 h coincided well with the XRD patterns of crystalline CuMn₂O₄ in the JCPDS database, and there were segregated phases of CuO and Mn₂O₃. Furthermore, the pure spinel CuMn₂O₄ phase could be achieved at 900 °C for 1 h. The copper manganese oxide ceramic pigments could serve as an effective pigment for fabricating the TSSS paint coating, and the TSSS paint coatings based on ceramic pigments calcined at 900 °C showed solar absorptance of 0.895–0.905 and thermal emittance of 0.186–0.310. In addition, the accelerated thermal stability test revealed that the TSSS paint coating exhibited good thermal stability when it was exposed to air at a temperature of 300 °C for 300 h. Hence, the fabricated TSSS paint coating could be used as a solar absorber coating in the low-to-mid temperature domain.     

Angular absorptance and thermal degradation analysis of TiB2/Ti(B,N)/SiON/SiO2 multilayer solar absorber coating

Multilayer solar selective absorber coatings have been developed in the last few decades. The thermal stability in terms of microstructure gives an insightful understanding of the optical properties of such coatings. In this context, we extensively utilized transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis to establish the thermal stability of TiB₂/Ti(B,N)/SiON/SiO₂ coating, under thermal cycling/continuous heating to 500°C in vacuum for 250 h. In particular, this work reports the variation in the solar absorptance of TiB₂/Ti(B,N)/SiON/SiO₂ coating with different angles of incidence of the solar radiation. Extensive analysis using the TEM technique reveals the presence of oxide interlayers that act as diffusion barrier layers to enhance the thermal stability of the coating. Computational simulation using SCOUT software validates the measured reflectance spectrum of the developed multilayer coating. The minor changes in absorptance and emissivity after heat treatment in vacuum at 500°C, together with high solar absorptance over a broad angular variation, establish the potential application of TiB₂/Ti(B,N)/SiON/SiO₂ as a selective coating in concentrated solar power systems.     

Co3O4-CoAl2O4薄膜的热处理温度对Co-WC选择性涂层吸收性能的影响规律研究

目的 提高Co-WC太阳能选择性吸收涂层的吸收性能。方法 采用溶胶-凝胶法在超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）制备的Co-WC涂层上涂覆Co3O4-CoAl2O4薄膜。在大气环境下,对样品进行梯度温度热处理,通过XRD表征在不同热处理温度下涂层的组成成分;利用FE-SEM和表面粗糙度仪观察涂层表面微观结构和测量涂层表面粗糙度;通过天平称量涂层质量变化来评价Co3O4-CoAl2O4涂层在不同温度下的服役性能;借助EDS分析Co3O4-CoAl2O4涂层的元素分布情况;使用UV-Vis-NIR分光光度计测试涂层的吸收性能。结果 经过Co3O4-CoAl2O4薄膜改善后,Co-WC涂层的吸收性能提高。其中在650 ℃热处理温度下,Co3O4-CoAl2O4涂层的吸收率最佳,α=0.901,表面为典型的尖晶石结构,晶粒尺寸细小,表面粗糙度为3.519 μm。650 ℃热处理温度下,Co3O4-CoAl2O4涂层在40 h抗超声震荡实验和20次抗热震实验中,相比其他热处理温度下的样品,质量变化最小,分别为14.9 mg和0.5 mg,且涂层的吸收率维持在0.89左右。结论 Co3O4-CoAl2O4薄膜通过选取合适的热处理温度,可以在改善Co-WC涂层表面状态的同时,一定程度上提高吸收性能。     

高紫外反射ZnO/SiO2复合粉体制备及其热控涂层性能研究

目的 以ZnO/SiO2复合粉体为填料,开展新型热控涂层制备方法研究,提高传统白色热控涂层的紫外反射率, 研制出具有太阳全光谱高反射性能的热控涂层。方法 以硫酸锌和硅酸钠为原料,采用常温化学合成与高温热处理相结合的方法制备ZnO/SiO2复合粉体,通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜及紫外可见分光光度计等仪器,对复合粉体的微观结构及光学性能进行表征。然后以ZnO/SiO2复合粉体为填料,以无机硅酸钾为粘结剂,制备了ZnO/SiO2热控涂料,通过不同颜基比和厚度的优化,得到了太阳全光谱(200~ 2600 nm)高反射白色热控涂层的制备方法。结果 研制的ZnO/SiO2复合粉体在紫外波段的反射率均大于88%,与传统ZnO粉体相比具有明显提升。当以无机硅酸钾为粘结剂、颜基比为2:1、喷涂厚度为100~140 μm时,所制备涂层在太阳全光谱呈现高反射特性,此时涂层的太阳吸收比为0.12,红外发射率为0.92。结论 ZnO/SiO2热控涂层具有优异的热控性能,与传统白色热控涂层相比具有更低的吸收比,同时在太阳全光谱具有高反射特性,可以满足新一代大功率卫星长寿命和高效散热的技术需求。     

4—氨基安替比林法测定挥发性酚空白值对校准曲线斜率的影响

4-氨基安替比林(4-AAP)试剂易吸潮结块并受空气氧化,从而使试剂空白值明显增高,必要时可将4-AAP试剂纯化。本文研究了4-AAP试剂空白值对校准曲线斜率的影响,并得出测定挥发性酚时,4-AAP试剂空白吸光度控制在0.045～0.100为最佳。     

舒布洛克轻质混凝土砌块在墙体中的应用

介绍舒布洛克轻质混凝土砌块的性能及其墙体的施工要求,还列举墙体在不同部位的做法,其中包括:(1)墙体与混凝土柱的连接;(2)门、窗洞口部位的结点做法;(3)砌体内线管做法。文末还作了舒布洛克砌块墙体结合技术经济分析。     

“太阳能加热”有限元分析在太阳能热性能试验中的应用

通过"太阳能加热"有限元分析模块与全玻璃真空太阳集热管闷晒试验数据对比,验证"太阳能加热"有限元分析的正确性、吻合性,并对其应用作简要介绍,为太阳能热性能试验提供了一种新的思路。