High-Tg porous polyimide films with low dielectric constant derived from spiro-(adamantane-2,9′(2′,7′-diamino)-fluorene)

Porous polyimide (PI) films with low dielectric constants and excellent thermal properties have been a pressing demand for the next generation of high-performance, miniature, and ultrathin microelectronic devices. A series of novel porous PI films containing fluorenyl-adamantane groups were prepared successfully via thermolysis of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) added in the PI matrix. The cross-sectional morphologies of porous PI films showed closed pores with diameters ranging from 135 to 158 nm, which were uniform and regular in shape without interconnectivity. These porous PI films exhibited excellent thermal properties with a glass-transition temperature at 376 °C whereas the 5% weight loss temperature in air excess of 405 °C due to enhanced rigidity afforded by fluorenyl-adamantane groups. Accompanied by thermolysis content of PEG increasing from 0 to 20 wt %, the density of porous PI films decreased, and the corresponding porosity grew significantly from 0 to 11.48%. Depending on porosity, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of porous PI films significantly declined from 2.89 to 2.37 and from 0.050 to 0.021, respectively. These excellent properties benefit the as-prepared porous PI films for application as interlayer dielectrics, integrated circuit chips, or multichip modules in microelectronic fields. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47313.     

金刚烷最新研究

金刚烷是近 30年来发展起来的一种新型精细化工原料。简要介绍了金刚烷的分子结构、性质及其主要用途 ,重点对近年来国内外报道过的金刚烷合成方法进行了评述 ,在此基础上指出了金刚烷化工的未来发展趋势。     

室温离子液体中双环戊二烯加氢以及金刚烷合成

利用氟硼酸甲基丁基咪唑离子液体 ([BMIM] [BF4 ] )作为反应介质 ,过渡金属三苯基膦配合物作为催化剂 ,在90～ 15 0℃、1.0～ 1 5MPa下研究了双环戊二烯加氢制备桥式四氢双环戊二烯 (endo -TCD)的反应 ,获得了高转化率和选择性 ,所得产物与离子液体催化体系不溶而分层。在有机助溶剂和氢气 (4 0MPa)存在下 ,endo -TCD在氯化甲基丁基咪唑 -氯化铝 (AlCl3摩尔分数为 67% )离子液体中可高效地异构为金刚烷。同时考察了离子液体催化体系及不同反应条件对反应的影响     

pH响应型星状聚合物胶束的制备及释药性能

以金刚烷为核设计合成了一种具有pH响应功能的四臂星状聚合物金刚烷-[聚(乳酸-共-羟基乙酸)-聚甲基丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯-聚(乙二醇)单甲醚]₄(4sAd-PLGA-D-P), 制备了4sAd-PLGA-D-P自组装胶束, 考察了该胶束对抗癌药物阿霉素(Doxorubicin,DOX)的控释性能。结果表明: 改变聚甲基丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯(PDEAEMA)的链段长度可实现对聚合物胶束性能的调控。PDEAEMA链段越长, 聚合物胶束的粒径越大, 载药量越高, 药物累计释放量越高。聚合物胶束具有良好的稳定性(临界胶束浓度(Critical Micelle Concentration,CMC)为0.0031 mg/mL)、pH响应性能和载药能力(载药量高达24.8%)。载DOX胶束在肿瘤微环境pH值(pH=5.0)的累计释放量(85.2%)明显高于正常组织pH=7.4条件下的累计释放量(20.9%), 可实现抗癌药物的可控释放。因此, pH响应型聚合物胶束4sAd-PLGA-D-P在抗癌药物递送领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

Fully aliphatic polyimides from adamantane‐based diamines for enhanced thermal stability,solubility, transparency,and low dielectric constant

We have synthesized a series of fully aliphatic polyimides (APIs) from bicyclo[2,2,2]oct‐7‐ene‐2,3,5,6‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BOCA) and various aliphatic diamines, including linear aliphatic, flexible alicyclic, and rigid adamantyl diamines. We performed the polymerization reactions using one‐step syntheses in m‐cresol at elevated temperatures without the isolation of poly(amic) acid. The chemical composition and structure of the polymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectrometry. The characterization data are reported from analyses using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WXAD) measurements. The polyimides are also subjected to solubility, solution viscosity, tensile strength, transparency, and dielectric constant measurements. The resultant polyimides possess well‐controlled molecular weight, reasonable intrinsic viscosity, good transparency, enhanced solubility, low dielectric constants, and high glass transition temperature, together with marginal thermal and mechanical stability. These properties were enhanced in copolyimides containing equimolar amounts of rigid and flexible moieties. These rigid‐rod APIs derived from the alicyclic dianhydride and aliphatic diamines are promising candidates as advanced materials for future applications in micro‐ and photoelectronic devices. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3316–3326, 2006     

Self-assembly of telechelic polymers bearing adamantane groups via host-guest inclusion complexes with cyclodextrin polymer

Self-assembly and supramolecular inclusion complexations between telechelic polymers bearing one or double adamantane groups and linear poly(β-cyclodextrin) (P(β-CD)) were investigated in water. An adamantane (Ada) attached to poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) was prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization using s-1-dodecyl-s″ -(α,α′-dimethyl-α″-acetic acid) trithio-carbonate functionalized Ada with tert-butyl acrylate, followed by functional modification. Additionally, two Ada groups capped triblock copolymer F127 were obtained via an esterification reaction. The dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscope and ¹H 2D NOSEY NMR spectroscopy were conducted to characterize the self-assembly behaviors. With the inclusion complexation of Ada/CD in 1:1 M ratio in water, the spherical micelles were enlarged at 25°C than that of the adamantyl polymer precursors. Due to the PPO segment of Ada-F127-Ada, the micelles aggregation showed temperature dependence from 4 to 37°C for precursor and corresponding inclusion complexation; while in Ada-PAA/P(β-CD) system, the hydrodynamic diameters decreased with pH decreasing.     

塔河油田原油中金刚烷化合物绝对定量分析

原油中甲基双金刚烷绝对含量是确定原油裂解程度的指标。运用全油色质方法,避免了样品处理中轻质组分的挥发损失,实现了原油中金刚烷化合物的准确绝对定量。使用D₁₆-单金刚烷为内标,确定双金刚烷、D₃-1甲基双金刚烷和D₆-1,3-二甲基单金刚烷的响应因子分别为1.91、2.20和0.99。塔里木盆地塔河油田原油中4-甲基双金刚烷+3-甲基双金刚烷绝对含量一般分布在(4~35)×10^-6,表明原油裂解程度较低,大于6 500m的深层可能仍具有石油勘探前景。     

笼形含能化合物热分解研究进展

笼形含能化合物因能量高、密度大而成为当前含能材料领域的研究热点,阐明其热分解机理对于深入研究其爆轰机理及提高热稳定性均有重要意义。以笼形骨架为线索,介绍了金刚烷衍生物、立方烷衍生物和异伍兹烷衍生物三类笼形含能化合物的热分解研究进展,总结了上述三类笼形化合物热分解规律:金刚烷衍生物热分解始于取代基且具有"桥头C"效应,立方烷衍生物热分解通常始于笼形结构的C-C键,多硝基异伍兹烷热分解一般始于脱硝基。后续研究应进一步丰富笼形含能化合物的种类,开展笼形化合物热分解的系统性研究,特别是笼状骨架的热分解机理研究。     

C5馏份的综合利用——超强酸合成金刚烷

采用新的超强酸－全氟磺酸树脂（Ｈ０〉１１）催化体系合成金刚烷，使反应朝一个方向进行，无副产物生成，同时具有高的催化活性和高的转化率。是综合利用Ｃ５馏份的新途径。     

脱铝超稳Y沸石上金刚烷的制备

 采用水处理与HCl处理相结合的方式对超稳Y沸石(USY)进行脱铝改性,制备了一系列脱铝超稳Y沸石（DUSY）和PW/DUSY1催化剂,用X射线衍射、N₂吸附和氨程序升温脱附等表征方法对这些催化剂的物化性质进行了表征,并在桥式四氢双环戊二烯(endo-TCD)异构化制备金刚烷(ADH)反应中考察了它们的催化性能。结果表明,以DUSY1为催化剂,当活化温度350℃、反应温度260℃、反应时间4h、初始压力1.1MPa、催化剂与原料的质量比0.7、溶剂环己烷与原料的摩尔比5.0时,endo-TCD的转化率达到99.7%,ADH的收率达到30.1%。