Development of low-alcohol isotonic beer by interrupted fermentation

Alcohol-free beer with isotonic properties is getting more popular and its production can be carried out by different production strategies; however, interrupted fermentation is still a challenge. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a low-alcohol isotonic beer (<0.5% v/v) by interrupted fermentation. Moreover, the major objective is to compare the developed product to commercial beverages (sports drinks, ‘Pilsen' regular beer, alcohol-free beers and low-alcohol isotonic beer). The beverages were evaluated based on pH, alcohol content (% v/v), total titratable acidity (mEq L⁻¹), osmolality (mOsmol kg⁻¹), bitterness International Bitterness Units, colour European Brewery Convention, total phenolic compounds (mg L⁻¹ gallic acid), reducing and total sugars (%) and Na and K contents (mg L⁻¹). The developed low-alcohol isotonic beer presented characteristics similar to sports drinks, with the advantage of being richer in phenolic compounds and suitable osmolality. Despite salts were added in its formulation, the grades attributed to all beers employed in the sensory evaluation, as well as the purchase intention did not present significant differences.     

亲水作用色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源运动食品中3种氨基糖苷类抗生素的残留量

该研究建立了一种亲水交互作用色谱-串联质谱（HILIC-MS/MS）法测定动物源运动食品中潮霉素B、新霉素、安普霉素3种氨基糖苷类抗生素残留量的方法。结果表明，样品经Sielc Obelisc R柱分离，采用0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈梯度洗脱，可以实现3种目标物组分的分离。在此条件下，3种氨基糖苷类抗生素在5～500 ng/mL的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好，相关系数R2为0.999 5～0.999 9，检出限均为15 μg/kg，定量限均为50 μg/kg，保留时间的日间和日内相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为3.5%～7.9%和3.5%～4.1%，峰面积的日间和日内RSD分别为3.6%～7.4%和3.2%～3.9%，加标回收率为85.7%～93.6%，回收率试验结果的RSD为3.1%～5.2%。该方法可以满足动物源运动食品中3种氨基糖苷类抗生素的检测需求。     

运动饮料配方设计概论

运动中，人体生理发生一系列的变化，包括水分损失、血糖／糖原消耗、电解质损失等，导致运动中／后的疲劳和运动能力下降。以运动中人体生理特点为基础，通过讨论运动前／中／后补充水、碳水化合物及电解质的问题，论证了运动饮料配方设计的原理依据。     

抚河流域水生态环境恢复措施初探

简述江西省抚河流域的概况、水生态环境的现状及存在的问题.包括淤泥的堆积、水土的流失、水污染、沿岸圩堤的防洪标准普遍偏低等.并对这些问题提出了流域水生态环境恢复的目标,针对抚河流域水生态环境的恢复目标提出了水权分配、水土保持治理、水工程治理、水质治理等方面的一系列初步的措施与建议.     

对中、美两国高校高水平运动队管理体制的探讨

通过调查和查阅了大量的资料，对中、美两国的高校高水平运动队的管理体制进行了比较，旨在通过学习和借鉴将我国高校的高水平运动队管理体制不断的完善，提供一定的参考。     

The growing public health concern of sports concussion: The new psychology practice frontier.

With youth participation in sports at an all-time high, youths have become more vulnerable to the silent epidemic of concussion. Psychologists should become aware of the alarming frequency of mild concussion and the subtle effects of concussion, which often go unnoticed or result in misdiagnosis. This article provides a basic survey of the research and literature on this topic, a simplified knowledge base for understanding updated assessment and management techniques, and a discussion of the important role psychologists can play in educating the public and their patients. Practitioners can become more aware of this developing practice opportunity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

消费文化影响下的体验型商业空间环境的营造

在消费社会的背景下,消费文化观念获得重要突破——"消费是一种体验",消费文化催生了现代商业空间环境的体验功能。本文归纳了在消费文化影响下体验型商业空间环境的特质,以案例为基础讨论了各类体验型商业空间环境的特点,并在设计理念的层面上对情境体验空间、主题体验空间、超现实体验空间的营造思路做出了探索。     

大通湖区水系连通工程改善水环境的效果评估

大通湖是洞庭湖区的重要组成部分,近年其水质状况呈现恶化态势,正通过实施水系连通工程,以期改善其水环境。基于MIKE21构建大通湖区水系连通工程的二维水动力-水质数学模型,选取总氮和总磷作为水质指标,模拟不同连通调度方案下大通湖的氮磷浓度变化,采用滞水区面积比例、浓度变化指数、换水率和水质浓度改善率,评估6个连通方案下大通湖水环境的改善效果。结果表明:通过实施引水调度方案能够有效改善大通湖水环境,当引水前期流量取30 m~3/s,出口水位控制在25.48 m时和引水后期流量保持为30 m~3/s不变,出口水位调整至25.88 m时,大通湖水环境改善效果最佳。本研究可为实施水系连通工程,改善类似湖泊水环境和提高引水调度效率提供参考。     

大凌河流域典型水生植物微生物群落吸附特征试验分析

本文采用高通测序方法对大凌河流域五刺金鱼藻、格菱、狐尾藻、水蓼及芦苇5种水生植物不同季节的微生物群落进行试验分析,分析表明:藻类密度在沉水植物表层要高于浮叶植物表层,微生物群落在浮叶植物根部的结构与其表面存在明显差异。各水生植物的优势生物群落依次为变形菌、梭菌、柔膜菌、鞭脂杆菌、杆菌、疣微菌门,且各微生物群落在季节丰度上存在明显差异性。由此可见,水环境对生物群落的影响要高于植物类型。研究成果可为大凌河流域生态修复工程提供重要理论依据。     

The “Angiogenic Switch” and Functional Resources in Cyclic Sports Athletes

Regular physical activity in cyclic sports can influence the so-called “angiogenic switch”, which is considered as an imbalance between proangiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecules. Disruption of the synthesis of angiogenic molecules can be caused by local changes in tissues under the influence of excessive physical exertion and its consequences, such as chronic oxidative stress and associated hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, sports injuries, etc. A review of publications on signaling pathways that activate and inhibit angiogenesis in skeletal muscles, myocardium, lung, and nervous tissue under the influence of intense physical activity in cyclic sports. Materials: We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Clinical keys, and e-LIBRARY databases for full-text articles published from 2000 to 2020, using keywords and their combinations. Results: An important aspect of adaptation to training loads in cyclic sports is an increase in the number of capillaries in muscle fibers, which improves the metabolism of skeletal muscles and myocardium, as well as nervous and lung tissue. Recent studies have shown that myocardial endothelial cells not only respond to hemodynamic forces and paracrine signals from neighboring cells, but also take an active part in heart remodeling processes, stimulating the growth and contractility of cardiomyocytes or the production of extracellular matrix proteins in myofibroblasts. As myocardial vascularization plays a central role in the transition from adaptive heart hypertrophy to heart failure, further study of the signaling mechanisms involved in the regulation of angiogenesis in the myocardium is important in sports practice. The study of the “angiogenic switch” problem in the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular systems allows us to claim that the formation of new vessels is mediated by a complex interaction of all growth factors. Although the lungs are one of the limiting systems of the body in cyclic sports, their response to high-intensity loads and other environmental stresses is often overlooked. Airway epithelial cells are the predominant source of several growth factors throughout lung organogenesis and appear to be critical for normal alveolarization, rapid alveolar proliferation, and normal vascular development. There are many controversial questions about the role of growth factors in the physiology and pathology of the lungs. The presented review has demonstrated that when doing sports, it is necessary to give a careful consideration to the possible positive and negative effects of growth factors on muscles, myocardium, lung tissue, and brain. Primarily, the “angiogenic switch” is important in aerobic sports (long distance running). Conclusions: Angiogenesis is a physiological process of the formation of new blood capillaries, which play an important role in the functioning of skeletal muscles, myocardium, lung, and nervous tissue in athletes. Violation of the “angiogenic switch” as a balance between proangiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecules can lead to a decrease in the functional resources of the nervous, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems in athletes and, as a consequence, to a decrease in sports performance.