Oxidation behavior of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel with prior tempering at different temperatures

The oxidation behavior of a normalized 2.25Cr-1Mo steel tempered previously for 10 hr at different temperatures between 873 and 1023 K has been studied up to a maximum duration of 1000 hr in air at 773–973 K. The oxidation resistance of the steel was found to decrease significantly with the temperature of tempering. Tempering of this steel is reported to cause microstructural changes involving precipitation of Cr as carbides and a decrease in the effective (free) Cr contents, that could influence the oxidation resistance of the Cr-containing alloys. Relative compositions across the thickness of the oxide scales, as analyzed by SEM/EDX and SIMS, suggest that a less Cr-rich (and less protective) and thicker scale on the steel formed because previous tempering caused extensive depletion of free Cr.     

无碳化物贝氏体在曲轴上的应用与展望

介绍了无碳化物贝氏体钢的特点、合金化原理、获得方法和在曲轴上的应用前景。     

Development of grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite/granular bainite duplex steel

A new hot-rolled low alloy high strength steel with grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite/granular bainite duplex micro-structure has been developed through novel microstructure and alloying designs without any noble metal elements such as nickel and molybdenum. Its as-rolled microstructure and mechanical properties, fatigue crack propagation behavior compared with single granular bainitic steel as well as continuous cooling transformation, were investigated in detail. The measured result of CCT (continuous cooling transformation) curve shows that such duplex microstructure can be easily obtained within a wide air-cooling rate range. More importantly, this duplex microstructure has much better combination of toughness and strength than the single granular bainite microstructure. It is found that the grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite in this duplex microstructure can blunt the rni-crocrack tip, cause fatigue crack propagation route branching and curving, and thus it increases the resistance to fati     

Microstructure evolution during reheating of a Nb-bearing steel I. Metallographic examination

Cooled in water after the isothermal relaxation of deformed austenite for different timea, a Nb-bearing microalloyed steel always exhibits synthetic microstructures of bainitic ferrite, granular bainite and acicular ferrite. When these samples were reheated to and held at 650 or 700℃, the non-equilibrious microstructures tend to evolve into equilibrious ones. The sample relaxed for 60 s displays the highest thermostability, while the microstructure evolution is the quickest in the sample relaxed for 1000 s even though it is the softest before reheating. Softening is not a single process occurring during reheating, in which the hardness fluctuates with time. There are two peaks in the hardness-time curve of each sample having undergone relaxation, while a single peak occurs in the curve of the sample having not been relaxed. Pre-strain accelerates the evolution process. These results indicate that the thermostability of microstructures is determined by their history of formation to a considerable degree.     

Structural control of Fe-based alloys through diffusional solid/solid phase transformations in a high magnetic field

Abstract

A magnetic field has a remarkable influence on solid/solid phase transformations and it can be used to control the structure and function of materials during phase transformations. The effects of magnetic fields on diffusional solid/solid phase transformations, mainly from austenite to ferrite, in Fe-based alloys are reviewed. The effects of magnetic fields on the transformation temperature and phase diagram are explained thermodynamically, and the transformation behavior and transformed structures in magnetic fields are discussed.     

低碳钢中微细非平衡组织的热稳定性

研究了同一成分的钢经过弛豫-析出控制相变RPC和再加热淬火RQ两种工艺处理后在500到700℃同火过程中组织与性能的演变.经过RPC处理后的钢板随回火温度的升高硬度降低不明显.在600到650℃温度回火时硬度还有所回升:经过RQ处理后的钢板同火前硬度虽然较低,但软化速度非常快.回火前两种钢板组织均为贝氏体和马氏体的复合组织,经RPC处理后的钢板随回火温度的提高组织没有明显变化,只是一些板条出现合并现象,而经过RQ处理后的钢板随回火温度的升高板条很快消失最终演变成多边形铁素体,硬度也随之大幅度下降.以上结果表明微细非平衡组织的热稳定性与其热历史密切相关.     

铁基合金的贝氏体基元及其生长演化

用透射电镜研究了 Fe-C-Mo 和 Fe-C-Si-Mn 合金中温转变早期产物的组织形态,发现在整个中温转变范围非平衡先析型转变都是按贝氏体铁素体相变基元形成及其扩散生长演化方式进行,说明经生长演化一些时间后的基元难于作为判断贝氏体形核机制的形态学依据。从基元生长演化进程区分了低碳贝氏体和板条马氏体。     

低碳Mn-Nb-V和Mn-Mo-Nb-V钢中的贝氏体转变

大森等和Habraken曾分别研究了低碳低合金钢中出现的B_Ⅰ型、B_Ⅱ型、B_Ⅲ型贝氏体和粒状贝氏体的特点和形态。我们对低碳Mn-Nb-V和Mn-Mo-Nb-V钢中的贝氏体进行光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察,研究贝氏体形态和转变。试验用钢用感应炉冶炼,锻成直径15 mm的圆棒,经退火加工成直径12mm厚2mm的片试样。其化学成分如下(wt-%):     

粒状贝氏体组织的疲劳性能

本文研究了粒状贝氏体组织的低周疲劳性能、冲击疲劳性能及旋转弯曲疲劳性能.结果表明:在等抗拉强度下,粒状贝氏体的低周疲劳性能与冲击疲劳性能均优于回火马氏体组织.且随粒状贝氏体含量增加,冲击疲劳寿命相应提高.粒状贝氏体中的(M-A)岛对疲劳裂纹扩展有阻碍作用,对提高疲劳寿命有利.在等强度下,粒状贝氏体的旋转弯曲疲劳性能和回火马氏体组织相当,疲劳极限(Sf)与屈服强度(σy)和断裂强度(S_K)的关系为: S_f=4.651+0.1411(σ_y+S_K)     

Q-I-Q-T工艺对60Si2CrVA钢断裂韧性的影响

研究60Si2CrVA弹簧钢经淬火-等温-淬火-回火(Q-I-Q-T)热处理后复相组织含量与断裂韧性间的关系。结果表明,在实验的等温温度范围内,随着等温温度的升高,残余奥氏体和贝氏体含量逐渐增大,60Si2CrVA钢强度降低,断裂韧性逐渐增加,在300℃等温时,断裂韧性达到最大值66.37 MPa.m1/2。稳定的残留奥氏体与过渡形态贝氏体量增加是提高断裂韧性的主要原因。