Bioactivity of antifouling paints based on organotin toxicants

This paper discusses the bioactivity of antifouling paints based on organotin toxicants, such as tributyltin fluoride (TBTF) and triphenyltin fluoride (TPTF). These compounds were used alone or mixed as the main toxicant in formulations. The use of TPTF or mixtures of TPTF and TBTF, with vinyl binders, led to paints with satisfactory bioactivity during a 24 months immersion period. With the same binders, TBTF alone provided only 12 months of antifouling protection. The correlation coefficients calculated from the fouling attachment values and the rosin content in the binder showed that the bioactivity of the tested formulations depended on the solubility of the toxicant in sea water and on the composition and solubility of the binders.     

杀虫植物的研究新进展及应用发展前景

介绍了近几年杀虫植物研究的新进展，主要包括楝科、卫矛科、豆科、菊科、胡椒科、百部科、瑞香科等科杀虫植物的作用方式和部分植物的有效成分与作用机制及杀虫植物的应用概况，并分析了其应用发展前景。     

Diterpene resin acids: Major active principles in tall oil against Variegated cutworm,Peridroma saucia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Tall oil, a by-product of the kraft process for pulping softwood, has been shown to have insecticidal properties. In the present study, the active principles in tall oil against the variegated cutworm,Peridroma saucia Hübner, were investigated. GC-MS analysis showed that abietic, dehydroabietic, and isopimaric acids were major resin acid components of crude tall oil and depitched tall oil. When crude tall oil samples of differing resin acid composition were incorporated into artificial diet at a concentration of 2.0% fresh weight, they suppressed larval growth by 45–60% compared to controls. This suppression was significantly (P0.05) correlated with the equivalent contents of abietic, dehydroabietic, isopimaric, and total resin acids. These results were also evident from a diet choice test, showing that the second-instar larvae obviously selected diets with low levels of resin acids when different diets were randomly arranged in a Petri dish. Bioassays with pure resin acids (abietic, dehydroabietic, and isopimaric acids) demonstrated that all individual chemicals have similar bioactivity against this insect. Comparison of the bioactivities of depitched tall oil and an equivalent mixture of pure resin acids in thePeridroma chronic growth bioassay indicated that pure resin acids and depitched tall oil share a common mode of action to this insect. This study confirms that resin acids are major active principles in tall oil against the variegated cutworm, but other chemicals likely also contribute to the bioactivity of tall oil.     

脂肪醇生物活性和理化性质的QSAR/QSPR研究

为了研究脂肪醇结构-性质(活性)的定量关系,用相对键长取代拓扑距离,结合距离矩阵,提出了距离调和拓扑指数Te,Te和醇的许多理化性质和生物活性具有良好的相关性.用Te及δ(醇中和羟基相连的碳原子的支化度)与脂肪醇的溶解度、辛醇/水分配系数、急性生物毒性、蒸发热、摩尔磁化率关联,复相关系数分别为0.9955,0.9951,0.9941,0.9964,0.9968,优于文献.同时与脂肪醇的气相色谱保留指数也相关得很好,相关系数为0.9956.结果表明,Te指数可用于醇多种理化性质和生物活性的预测.     

超声辅助提取枸杞多糖的研究进展

枸杞多糖作为枸杞最主要的生物活性物质,具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、护肝、降血糖、调节免疫等生理功能,对于预防和治疗一些慢性疾病有很好的疗效。超声提取技术作为一种省时、节能、高效的提取方法,在植物多糖的提取领域也收到了广泛关注。本文就超声提取技术在枸杞多糖提取中的应用及研究进展进行阐述,对目前存在的问题也进行了相应的分析。      

芹菜中黄酮类化合物及其生物活性研究进展

芹菜是一种常见的蔬菜,在我国分布广泛。通常含有多种黄酮类物质,包括芹菜素及其糖苷、槲皮素、山奈酚、木犀草素等。本文综述了芹菜中的总黄酮含量与品种,取样部位,生长期等因素的关系。在生物活性方面,芹菜黄酮具有抗氧化、抗癌、抵抗心血管疾病功效,在生殖系统方面有抑制雌激素和孕激素分泌等作用。      

绞股蓝多糖及其生物活性研究进展

绞股蓝是我国天然的特色资源,近年来研究发现绞股蓝多糖是绞股蓝中的主要活性成分之一。绞股蓝多糖有免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗病毒、降血糖、降血脂、抗辐射等作用,对机体的毒性很小,现已开发了许多绞股蓝制品,如绞股蓝茶、皂甙片、冲剂、胶囊、口服液、糖丸等,另外还有作为绞股蓝饮料、运动饮料及可乐和啤酒等食品的添加剂。主要对绞股蓝多糖的组成、提取工艺、生理作用和应用前景进行综述。     

海洋贝类多糖的制备及生物活性研究概况

综述了海洋贝类多糖的多种制备技术（酶法、柱层析法、膜分离法等）及其增强免疫力、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等多种生物活性的研究进展,证明海洋贝类多糖是一种极具开发潜力和价值的天然功能食品,作为抗肿瘤、抗病毒药物有着广阔的应用前景。     

溶胶-凝胶固定纳米光纤探针上生物活性分子的研究

为提高纳米光纤生物传感器的性能,研究了以溶胶-凝胶法将生物活性分子固定于纳米光纤探针上。首先以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,制备了以葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)为生物活性分子的溶胶,然后利用提拉法将GOD凝胶固定于纳米光纤探针上;讨论了固定化GOD活性及凝胶膜在纳米光纤探针上成膜的条件;最后通过扫描电子显微镜检测到薄膜均匀连续,生物探针尺寸小于1μm,并利用电子探针验证了GOD被固定于纳米光纤探针上。