全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1866篇 |
免费 | 456篇 |
国内免费 | 23篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 2篇 |
综合类 | 41篇 |
化学工业 | 1680篇 |
金属工艺 | 32篇 |
机械仪表 | 37篇 |
建筑科学 | 23篇 |
矿业工程 | 4篇 |
能源动力 | 5篇 |
轻工业 | 136篇 |
水利工程 | 1篇 |
石油天然气 | 26篇 |
无线电 | 49篇 |
一般工业技术 | 306篇 |
冶金工业 | 2篇 |
自动化技术 | 1篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 22篇 |
2023年 | 39篇 |
2022年 | 45篇 |
2021年 | 143篇 |
2020年 | 116篇 |
2019年 | 75篇 |
2018年 | 109篇 |
2017年 | 104篇 |
2016年 | 101篇 |
2015年 | 130篇 |
2014年 | 138篇 |
2013年 | 137篇 |
2012年 | 116篇 |
2011年 | 102篇 |
2010年 | 90篇 |
2009年 | 99篇 |
2008年 | 103篇 |
2007年 | 104篇 |
2006年 | 109篇 |
2005年 | 90篇 |
2004年 | 81篇 |
2003年 | 87篇 |
2002年 | 58篇 |
2001年 | 42篇 |
2000年 | 27篇 |
1999年 | 20篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 19篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2345条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Environmental factors such as oxygen, temperature, and microbial species may have significant effects on decomposition of biodegradable polymers. A representative biodegradable, thermoplastic polymer, poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), was decomposed in an aqueous medium under controlled laboratory conditions by soil microbes for the intrinsic degradation kinetics and the effects of the environmental factors on polymer biodegradation. The amount of proteins, including the PHBV depolymerases, that attached to the polymer surfaces was quite constant during the period of significant mass loss of the polymer specimens. The microbial polymer degradation followed a zero‐order rate model, so the residual mass fraction of PHBV films declined linearly with time. The mixed aerobic microbial organisms from fertile soil showed a higher activity of polymer degradation than an aerobic PHBV‐producing bacterium and the mixed anaerobes in the same soil. The mixed anaerobic microorganisms from barren soil decomposed the polymer at a slower rate than the anaerobes from fertile soil, and this was attributed to fewer microbial cells in the barren soil instead of the difference in the microbial species. The temperature effect on PHBV degradation can be described with an Arrhenius equation, and the activation energy is around 16 kcal/mol. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 205–213, 2003 相似文献
2.
Luigi Lazzeri Maria Grazia Cascone Simone Quiriconi Letterio Morabito Paolo Giusti 《Polymer International》2005,54(1):101-107
Biodegradable hollow microfibres containing particles loaded with specific active agents can be potentially employed to produce a special kind of substrate for tissue engineering, able to function as a scaffold and at the same time to act as a drug‐releasing system. Biodegradable hollow microfibres based on poly(lactic acid) were produced by a dry–wet spinning procedure. Drug‐loaded microparticles were prepared by a simple oil‐in‐water emulsion and entrapped inside the fibres. The morphology of both fibres and particles was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical and thermal properties of the fibres were investigated by tensile tests and differential scanning calorimetry. In vitro tests were performed to evaluate the release of the drug from the fibres loaded with the particles Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
3.
徐兆瑜 《合成材料老化与应用》2003,32(2):39-43
简要介绍了聚乳酸的一般合成方法、性质、应用,着重介绍聚乳酸在医药和医疗领域中的应用和世界范围内的市场发展概况。 相似文献
4.
生物降解塑料的研究现状及问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
生物降解塑料这一领域的研究和发展正成为人们普遍关注的焦点。生物降解塑料根据其降解机理和破坏形式,可分为完全生物降解塑料和生物崩坏性(致劣性)塑料两种。这种新型塑料涉及化工、高分子、生物学等多门学科,属于一项高新技术。尽管各国投入了较大的人力、物力,但至今还未普遍达到实用阶段,在研究开发、市场、应用等方面还存在许多问题。 相似文献
5.
In recent years biodegradable polymers, particularly polyesters such as the poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL), have gained high interests for their applicability in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields where they're used for manufacturing various different resorbable devices, from tissue engineering scaffolds to controlled drug release systems. Despite many positive characteristics, processability of these materials still remains a critical issue as they easily tend to degrade during manufacturing. In this article we aimed to assess microextrusion as a nondegradative process for manufacturing PLA and PCL. The results we experimentally obtained, that are hereby presented, set a new point in the on‐going debate on degradation during processing of resorbable polymers as they allow to affirm that microextrusion leaves unmodified molecular weight distributions without producing any evident reductions in mean molecular weight. Microextrusion thus represents a risk‐free high molecular weight polymer processing solution for obtaining nondegraded products within pharmaceutical and biomedical production lines, such as for scaffolds for tissue engineering applications or drug delivery. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
6.
Levent Onal Sophie Cozien‐Cazuc I. Arthur Jones Christopher D. Rudd 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2008,107(6):3750-3755
The moisture uptake of polymers and composites has increasing significance where these materials are specified for invasive, long‐term medical applications. Here we analyze mass gain and the ensuing degradation mechanisms in phosphate glass fiber reinforced poly‐?‐caprolactone laminates. Specimens were manufactured using in situ polymerization of ?‐caprolactone around a bed of phosphate glass fibers. The latter were sized with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane to control the rate of modulus degradation. Fiber content was the main variable in the study, and it was found that the moisture diffusion coefficient increased significantly with increasing fiber volume fraction. Diffusion, plasticization, and leaching of constituents appear to be the dominant aspects of the process over these short‐term tests. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008 相似文献
7.
Quantitative analysis of isothermal crystallization kinetics of PLA/clay nanocomposite and PLA/clay/regenerated cellulose fiber (RCF) hybrid composite has been conducted. The crystallization rate constant (k) according to Avrami equation was higher in PLA/clay nanocomposite than in PLA/clay/RCF hybrid composite at the same crystallization temperature. The equilibrium melting temperature obtained by Hoffman–Weeks equation was almost same in both composites, whereas stability parameter was greater in hybrid composite than in nanocomposite. Activation energy of hybrid composite for crystallization was larger than that of nanocomposite. The value of nucleation parameter (Kg) and surface free energy (se) of hybrid composite were larger than nanocomposite, indicating that hybrid composite has a less folding regularity than nanocomposite. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
8.
The tensile properties of jute make it a suitable raw material for asphalt overlay (A/O) fabric. In this study, the thermal stability of jute under conditions of asphalt overlaying process was investigated and the compatibility of jute with asphalt was assessed through experimentation on jute–asphalt composites under mechanical and hygral loads. Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) spectroscopic study revealed probable chemical bonding between jute and asphalt. The test for ascertaining the capability of asphalt encasement for protecting jute against biodegradation under enzymatic attack was found positive. A 6‐month hygral treatment, of the jute–asphalt composite, showed significant increase in modulus of the material. The results indicate that although the strength of jute deteriorates by about 10% under asphalt overlaying condition, the overall tensile behavior of jute fabric–asphalt composite material is considerably superior to that of the pure jute fabric, even under biological and extended hygral loading conditions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008 相似文献
9.
Extruded collagen fibers constitute a promising biomimetic scaffold for tissue engineering applications. In this study, we compared the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of fibers produced from either NaCl or poly(ethylene glycol) with a number-average molecular weight of 8000 (PEG 8K), the only two coagents that have been used in the fabrication process. As novel, we report the fabrication of fibers with properties similar to native or synthetic fibers using other coagents. NaCl derived fibers were characterized by higher thermal stability (p < 0.026), stress (p < 0.001), and modulus (p < 0.0025) values than PEG 8K, whereas the latter yielded more extendable fibers (p < 0.012). Poly(ethylene glycol)s with number-average molecular weights of 200 and 1000 produced fibers with similar mechanical properties (p > 0.05) that were thinner (p < 0.033), stiffer (p < 0.022), and less extendable (p < 0.0002) than those of PEG 8K. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with a number-average average molecular weight of 9–10,000 and PEG 8K yielded fibers with similar diameters and stress-at-break values (p > 0.05); however, the poly(ethylene glycol) derived fibers were more extendable (p < 0.0003), whereas the PVA fibers were stiffer (p < 0.029). Gum-arabic- and soluble-starch-derived fibers were of similar tensile strength, extendibility, and stiffness (p > 0.05). In this in vitro study, the thickest (p < 0.011) and the weakest (p < 0.0066) fibers were produced in the presence of sodium sulfate. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
10.
Joo Batista A. Silva Regina C. M. de Paula Judith P. A. Feitosa Eduardo Diogo Gurgel‐Filho Claudio Maniglia‐Ferreira Francisco Jose de Souza Filho 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2006,100(5):4082-4088
Gutta‐percha cone is the most widely used material for root canal filling. The in vivo aging of this cone focus on the degradation of its main organic component, trans‐1,4‐polyisoprene, was studied. Aged cones (25 samples) from 2 to 30 years of root canal filling were extracted from different patients in the occasion of retreatment by mechanical way. The information about the aging time was given by the patients. Gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were the analytical techniques used. Polyisoprene degrades with time of aging, but in a slow process. Decrease in polymer molar mass from 5.7 × 105 to 1.7 × 105 g/mol was observed in polyisoprene from cone after 30 years of root canal filling and inside a noninfected tooth. In tooth with caries and periodontal infection, the decrease in molar mass is higher (4.6 × 104 g/mol in cone with 10 years of aging). The production of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups in the aged material indicates that the process is oxidative, even in closed teeth. In these cases, the oxygen could be provided from tissue fluid. The degradation mechanism is complex and depends on many factors, besides time of root canal filling. The dental problem caused by the aging could be the production and migration of cytotoxic substances to periodontal ligament and the reduction on the canal sealing property due to the polymer weight loss. Both of them could contribute to the root canal treatment failure. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100:4082–4088, 2006 相似文献