Web-Based Semantic Similarity: An Evaluation in the Biomedical Domain

Computation of semantic similarity between concepts is a very common problem in many language related tasks and knowledge domains. In the biomedical field, several approaches have been developed to deal with this issue by exploiting the structured knowledge available in domain ontologies (such as SNOMED-CT or MeSH) and specific, closed and reliable corpora (such as clinical data). However, in recent years, the enormous growth of the Web has motivated researchers to start using it as the corpus to assist semantic analysis of language. This paper proposes and evaluates the use of the Web as background corpus for measuring the similarity of biomedical concepts. Several ontology-based similarity measures have been studied and tested, using a benchmark composed by biomedical terms, comparing the results obtained when applying them to the Web against approaches in which specific clinical data were used. Results show that the similarity values obtained from the Web for ontology-based measures are at least and even more reliable than those obtained from specific clinical data, showing the suitability of the Web as information corpus for the biomedical domain.     

纳米二氧化硅的制备及在生物医学领域的应用

综述了近几年来纳米二氧化硅的一些主要制备方法,例如:St(o)ber法、模板法、微乳液法、气溶胶法.并且简述了纳米二氧化硅在抗菌剂、药物缓释等生物医学领域中的应用,以及纳米二氧化硅微球的浓度、粒径大小、表面性质等方面对纳米二氧化硅的生物安全性的影响.介绍了无定型纳米二氧化硅的毒性与其结构的关系,同时指出了单分散纳米石英颗粒的制备还存在许多亟待解决的难点.     

碳量子点的生物应用:成像、载药与毒性

碳量子点作为一种新型的纳米材料,具有荧光性能优异、尺寸小、毒性低等诸多优势,因而具有良好的应用前景,尤其在生物医学领域有突出的应用价值,近年来引起了科研者们的广泛关注。在介绍碳量子点光学性质的基础上,重点综述了碳量子点在生物成像、诊疗剂应用及碳量子点生物毒性等方面的最新研究进展,并探讨了碳量子点未来的发展方向和前景。     

Lanthanide Doped Near Infrared Active Upconversion Nanophosphors: Fundamental Concepts,Synthesis Strategies,and Technological Applications

Near infrared (NIR) light utilization in a range of current technologies has gained huge significance due to its abundance in nature and nondestructive properties. NIR active lanthanide (Ln) doped upconversion nanomaterials synthesized in controlled shape, size, and surface functionality can be combined with various pertinent materials for extensive applications in diverse fields. Upconversion nanophosphors (UCNP) possess unique abilities, such as deep tissue penetration, enhanced photostability, low toxicity, sharp emission peaks, long anti‐Stokes shift, etc., which have bestowed them with prodigious advantages over other conventional luminescent materials. As new generation fluorophores, UCNP have found a wide range of applications in various fields. In this Review, a comprehensive overview of lanthanide doped NIR active UCNP is provided by discussing the fundamental concepts including the different mechanisms proposed for explaining the upconversion processes, followed by the different strategies employed for the synthesis of these materials, and finally the technological applications of UCNP, mainly in the fields of bioimaging, drug delivery, sensing, and photocatalysis by highlighting the recent works in these areas. In addition, a brief note on the applications of UCNP in other fields is also provided along with the summary and future perspectives of these materials.     

智能纤维及纺织品的研制及其在医疗卫生领域的应用

介绍了形状记忆纤维、温敏纤维、蓄热调温纤维、光显色纤维、pH值响应性凝胶纤维、智能抗菌纤维等几种智能纤维及制品的研制、主要性能及发展现状;重点讨论了智能纺织品在医疗卫生领域中的应用.     

石墨烯生物毒性的计算机模拟研究进展

石墨烯是一种由平整的单层碳原子密集堆积成二维蜂窝晶格的碳纳米材料,具有优异的光学、电学、力学等特性,在生物医药、材料学等领域具有重要的应用前景。随着石墨烯在以上研究领域的广泛应用,其生物安全性问题也备受关注。尽管有大量研究表明石墨烯的生物相容性较好,但是部分研究却发现石墨烯具有一定的生物毒性。石墨烯粒径小,容易通过皮肤进入体内,可能与蛋白质、脂质或核酸等生物大分子相互作用。近年来,由于计算机模拟技术具有成本低、安全性高、易获得实验无法获取的动态结构等优势而被广泛用于生物、化学、制药等领域。本文综述了石墨烯与细胞膜、蛋白质和DNA等生物大分子相互作用的计算机模拟研究进展,从而评估石墨烯可能存在的生物毒性,为石墨烯的生物安全性评价和生物医学应用提供了参考。     

基于SoC芯片的嵌入式医学检测设备平台设计

本文将嵌入式系统应用于医学检测设备的开发中,设计了以SoC芯片为核心的嵌入式医学检测设备平台,介绍并探讨了其软硬件系统的基本原理、设计思想、实现方法,并在最后介绍了一个实用的例子。通过医学检测设备软硬件平台,可有效避免设备开发时的重复工作,减少系统的研发时间和成本,缩短推出新产品的时间。     

超声治疗学在生物医学工程中的应用

超声治疗技术已成为当今生物医学领域的研究热点，对超声治疗技术在生物医学领域中的应用及其机理研究进行了论述．介绍了目前超声治疗的研究现状、超声波的生物效应及应用，并就该技术的发展趋势进行了展望.     

纳米材料在生物医学中的应用

本文介绍了纳米材料及其复合材料在生物医学领域各方面的应用     

自由电子激光中相对论性电子束的电荷波和电流波

本文根据电子的运动方程和泊松方程描述相对论性电子束。在电子束无微扰时，空间电荷最低消的，因而可使方程线性化。线性化了的方程有指数函数波形式ｅｘｐ的解，由此得出了电子束电子电荷波和电子电流波。