Bridge design with reserve and residual reliability constraints

System reliability is evolving as an important design method for selecting components and topology. It should be used to investigate the original intact structure behavior as well as providing sufficient reserve capacity under likely accident and damage scenarios. Highway bridges are an area of special concern since effort to optimize the cost of construction may not provide adequate redundant capacity. The paper describes an example in which a typical girder bridge structure is optimized (both size and girder spacing) to achieve target system performance. System reliability constraints are imposed on the behavior of the intact structure under highway loads. Also, residual system reliability constraints are imposed to control safety under specified accident scenarios corresponding to damage and “lost” members due to corrosion, fatigue, fire or accidental collisions. An optimal design framework for controlling safety under all these life cycle situations is thus provided.     

公路桥梁抗震设计细则分析

《公路桥梁抗震设计细则》(JTG/T B02-01—2008)已于2008年10月1日开始正式实施。本文分别从桥梁抗震设防标准、桥梁延性抗震设计和能力保护设计、桥梁减隔震设计等几个主要方面将之与原《公路工程抗震设计规范》(JTJ 004-89)进行比较,得出两者之间的不同之处,以利于对新规范的理解和掌握。     

转体施工法连续刚构桥设计

转体法施工以其投入施工设备少、适用范围广、操作简单安全、施工速度快、造价低等优点成为较优的施工方法.上海市松江工业区文翔路-联阳路跨沪杭高速公路大桥主桥采用42 m+70 m+42 m转体施工连续刚构方案,减少了对既有线运营的影响.介绍桥型构思及总体布置,上部结构设计、转盘、承台、墩身、桩基础设计、结构分析方法、主桥施工方法.经计算,在各种荷载的不利组合下,结构处于良好的受力状态,满足规范设计要求.     

近距多座并行桥梁墩前壅水研究

为了研究近距多座并行桥梁的壅水规律,在分析了单座桥梁的壅水规律后,类比应用到两座并行桥梁壅水的研究中且得到相应的规律,然后基于这些成果可达到研究目的。研究结果表明,如果被动影响桥梁位于主动影响桥梁的下游,则主动影响桥梁的壅水除了受自身阻水影响外,还要附加上被动影响桥梁的壅水对其带来的正影响作用;反之,则会受到被动影响桥梁的壅水对其带来的负影响,且影响系数都会随着两桥的桥间距增大而减小。假设并行桥梁的壅水仅仅两两影响时会形成修正壅水,且该修正壅水对其它桥梁产生重复的二次影响后会无限接近真实壅水。在这个前提下,总结出多桥并行时各桥壅水的经验公式。     

Evaluation and testing of a fracture critical bridge

The I-40 bridges over the Rio Grande in Albuquerque, New Mexico were due to be razed in the fall of 1993 due to geometry and traffic safety considerations, thus providing a unique opportunity for testing them. These medium span steel bridges represent a common design in the US and are classified by AASHTO as non-redundant ‘fracture critical’ two girder steel bridges (fracture critical classification means that failure of a primary member would probably cause collapse of the bridge). The subject bridge, built in 1963, is a 1275 foot (600m) bridge, and consists of three medium span continuous units with spans of 131′-163'−131′ each. The bridge was field tested to determine the impact of a near full depth girder fracture on the redistribution of loads, the load capacity, and the potential for collapse. Four levels of damage were introduced in the middle span of the north plate girder by making various cuts in the web and the flange of the girder. The final cut resulted in a six foot deep crack in the 10ft deep girder, extending from the bottom flange to the floor beam to girder connection. Data was taken under dead load and under a static live load consisting of an 82 000 lb truck. The after fracture response and the load redistribution in the fractured bridge were evaluated. The contribution of the different members to the redundancy of the structure was assessed.     

青海省公路桥涵水文分区方法与指标研究

介绍了青海省公路桥涵水文分区的现状,通过分析河流的水情变化,论证了修正现行水文分区的必要性,并结合青海省河流的特殊性,对比了省内外一些典型的水文区划方法及水文因子。结果表明:①应根据流域水系、内外流区、沙漠面积等定性指标,以原水文分区为一级区划,在其基础上进行修正并确定二级分区;②利用河川径流强度指标法进行分区划分时,分区指标为年平均降水量、岩土类型、河网密度和沟谷比重;③利用模糊聚类法进行分区划分时,分区指标为年平均径流深、年平均降水量、气候带、河流补给形式及单位面积上50 a一遇设计流量,但只有黄河上游区、湟水大通河区可使用该方法;④青海省内沙漠面积较大,在分区时可将其划分为非产流区。     

Optimum design of long-span suspension bridges considering aeroelastic and kinematic constraints

Cable supported bridges are wind prone structures. Therefore, their aerodynamic behaviour must be studied in depth in order to guarantee their safe performance. In the last decades important achievements have been reached in the study of bridges under wind-induced actions. On the other hand, non-conventional design techniques such as sensitivity analysis or optimum design have not been applied although they have proved their feasibility in the automobile or aeronautic industries. The aim of this research work is to demonstrate how non-conventional design techniques can help designers when dealing with long span bridges considering their aeroelastic behaviour. In that respect, the comprehensive analytical optimum design problem formulation is presented. In the application example the optimum design of the challenging Messina Strait Bridge is carried out. The chosen initial design has been the year 2002 design proposal. Up to a 33% deck material saving has been obtained after finishing the optimization process.     

中美规范公路混凝土桥梁设计的分析与比较

由于重载汽车的增加以及目前桥梁的损坏状况日趋严重,为确保公路桥梁设计的安全使用,将中美两国公路桥梁混凝土规范的设计荷载及结构抗力计算进行比较,为我国公路桥梁设计提供参考。     

钢筋混凝土梁受剪承载力计算公式的研究

基于《规范》(JTG D62-2004)第5.1.1条的规定、钢筋混凝土梁受剪承载力的试验成果和《统一标准》(GB/T50283-1999)的规定,对《规范》中钢筋混凝土梁的受剪承载力计算公式进行了分析.分析表明,该计算公式中使用立方体抗压强度标准值是欠妥当的,且该计算公式的可靠指标计算结果不符合《统一标准》的规定.同时以与现行《规范》中的计算公式相协调以及满足《统一标准》中目标可靠指标的要求为原则,提出了钢筋混凝土梁受剪承载力的计算公式,并进行了相关分析.分析表明,建议的计算公式满足《统一标准》的规定.     

移动荷载作用下的桥梁振动及其TMD控制

为了全面地了解移动荷载作用下桥梁的振动机理及其调质阻尼器(TMD)控制,将列车简化成移动简谐力模型,对列车过桥时桥梁的振动形态幅频特性作了详细的探讨。然后论述了移动荷载作用下的TMD控制。给出了桥梁在不同速度下的幅频特性曲线以及TMD控制的质量比影响曲线,揭示了移动荷载作用下的桥梁振动及其控制的特点,同时为进一步的桥梁振动控制提供详尽的参考数据。