KNO_3/γ-Al_2O_3型固体超强碱催化合成香豆素的研究

对以水杨甲醛与乙酸酐为原料合成香豆素的工艺进行了改进。首次采用KNO3/γAl2O3固体超强碱催化剂的工艺路线,提高了产物的收率。同时对催化剂用量、反应物的量比、反应温度的影响进行了研究。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:n(水杨醛)∶n(乙酸酐)=1.0∶1.6,催化剂用量为水杨醛质量的3%,反应近终点时在(210±2)℃,再保温反应0.5h,香豆素收率可达85%以上。该催化剂具有较高的催化活性,易于回收,可重复使用5次以上。     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵活化催化合成香豆素

以无水碳酸钾为催化剂、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HTMAB)为活化剂，用水杨醛和醋酸酐为原料通过Perkin反应合成香豆素，研究了物料比、催化剂用量和HTMAB用量和反应近结束时保温时间对产率的影响。结果表明：用HTMAB为活化剂，可有效活化碱催化剂无水碳酸钾，提高了其碱性，与无HTMAB时相比，香豆素产率有较大提高，其最佳反应条件是n(水杨醛)：n(乙酸酐)：n(碳酸钾)：n（HTMAB)为1．00：3．00：0．25：0．03，反应温度185℃，反应近结束时保温3h，香豆素产率可达85．3％。     

Interactions oftrans-cinnamic acid,its related phenolic allelochemicals,and abscisic acid in seedling growth and seed germination of lettuce

Phenolic compounds have been identified as the most common allelochemicals produced by higher plants. Inhibitions of cinnamic acid, its related phenolic derivatives, and abscisic acid (ABA) on seedling growth and seed germination of lettuce were studied.trans-Cinnamic acid, ando-,m-, andp-coumaric acids inhibited the growth of etiolated seedlings of lettuce at concentrations higher than 10^–4 M and seed germination above 10^–3 M. Coumarin inhibited seedling growth and seed germination at 10^–5 M or above. Chlorogenic acid inhibited seedling growth above 10^–4 M, but did not inhibit seed germination at 10^–5–5×10^–3 M. Low concentrations (below 10^–3 M) of caffeic and ferulic acids promoted the elongation of hypocotyls, but higher concentrations (over 10^–3 M) inhibited seedling growth and seed germination. These phenolic compounds and abscisic acid had additive inhibitory effects both on seedling growth and seed germination. The inhibition on lettuce was reversed by caffeic and ferulic acids at concentrations lower than 10^–3 M except for the inhibition of germination by coumarin. These results suggest that in naturetrans-cinnamic acid,o-, m-, p-coumaric acids, coumarin, and chlorogenic acid inhibit plant growth regardless of their concentration. However, caffeic and ferulic acids can either promote or inhibit plant growth according to their concentration.     

柳叶腊梅中总香豆素的提取工艺研究及纯化

研究畲药柳叶腊梅中总香豆素类化合物的超声辅助提取工艺和液液萃取纯化技术,建立一种简便、快速、廉价、无污染的工艺方法.利用超声的空化作用的液液萃取方法,在单因素实验的基础上,应用正交分析法进行三因素三水平实验研究,最后通过萃取技术得到纯度较高的香豆素类化合物.通过该工艺,利用正交分析的最优条件制备得到提取物中6,7-二甲氧基香豆素(化合物1)和6,7,8-三甲氧基香豆素(化合物2),提取量分别达到0.23 mg/g和0.76mg/g.纯化工艺采用乙醇超声辅助技术和萃取技术,可以快速、方便的提取出目的化合物.该工艺科学合理,适于大规模生产.     

基于香豆素-茚满二酮共轭物的硫醇比色探针

基于硫醇对α,β-不饱和双键的亲核加成,设计合成了一种香豆素-1,3-茚满二酮加合物的比色硫醇探针.硫醇与探针发生迈克尔加成,打断了分子内的共轭体系,阻止了香豆素向缺电子的1,3-茚满二酮基团的分子内电荷转移,引起了吸收光谱上的蓝移和溶液颜色的变化(由紫蓝色变为无色).研究结果表明:在DMSO-PBS buffer(0.01M,pH=7.4,9∶1,v/v)体系中,探针1能够用于半胱氨酸(Cys),同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的高选择性裸眼识别,Cys的检出限为6.9×10-7mol/L.     

以香豆素为母体的荧光探针的合成、离子识别及拟合计算研究

设计合成了含噻唑和腙结构的香豆素类钴离子荧光探针分子CCo,其结构用1HNMR和13CNMR进行了表征,考察了其光谱性能和电化学性能,并对其结构进行了拟合计算研究。CCo在常见金属离子(Cd2+、Co2+、Na+、Mn2+、Fe3+、Pb2+、Hg2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cu+、K+、Mg2+、Ag+、Ni2+、Cr3+)中能够选择性地识别Co2+。滴加Co2+后探针吸收光谱红移60 nm,荧光光谱蓝移75 nm。探针分子溶液在三电极系统及四丁基高氯酸胺作电解质下能用于Hg2+的检测。通过拟合计算进一步验证了探针吸收光谱峰值与实验值一致。     

Investigation of Chemical Constituents of Eranthis longistipitata (Ranunculaceae): Coumarins and Furochromones

Aqueous-ethanol extracts (70%) from the leaves of Eranthis longistipitata Regel. (Ranunculaceae Juss.)—collected from natural populations of Kyrgyzstan—were studied by liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). There was no variation of the metabolic profiles among plants that were collected from different populations. More than 160 compounds were found in the leaves, of which 72 were identified to the class level and 58 to the individual-compound level. The class of flavonoids proved to be the most widely represented (19 compounds), including six aglycones [quercetin, kaempferol, aromadendrin, 6-methoxytaxifolin, phloretin, and (+)-catechin] and mono- and diglycosides (the other 13 compounds). In the analyzed samples of E. longistipitata, 14 fatty acid–related compounds were identified, but coumarins and furochromones that were found in E. longistipitata were the most interesting result; furochromones khelloside, khellin, visnagin, and cimifugin were found in E. longistipitata for the first time. Coumarins 5,7-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin, scoparone, fraxetin, and luvangetin and furochromones methoxsalen, 5-O-methylvisammioside, and visamminol-3′-O-glucoside were detected for the first time in the genus Eranthis Salisb. For all the above compounds, the structural formulas are given. Furthermore, detailed information (with structural formulas) is provided on the diversity of chromones and furochromones in other representatives of Eranthis. The presence of chromones in plants of the genus Eranthis confirms its closeness to the genus Actaea L. because chromones are synthesized by normal physiological processes only in these members of the Ranunculaceae family.     

水溶性香豆素衍生物的合成及其光谱性能

4-甲氧基水杨醛和丙二酸二乙酯反应合成了中间体7-甲氧基香豆素-3-甲酸,该中间体与二乙醇胺反应合成了水溶性香豆素类衍生物7-甲氧基香豆素-3-甲酰二乙醇胺。用核磁共振(NMR)表征了产物的结构,研究了其紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱。     

微波预处理提取白芷中总香豆素的研究

目的研究提取白芷总香豆素的方法。方法采用微波预处理技术,考察药材粉碎粒径的大小、汽化剂浓度及用量、微波辐射时间、后续提取时间和后续提取溶剂浓度对提取率的影响,运用正交试验优化预处理工艺参数。结果确定提取工艺参数为:白芷药材过24目筛,汽化剂为60%乙醇,用量为2.5倍物料量(mL/g),辐射时间150 s,后续提取溶剂75%乙醇,常规回流提取2次,每次40 min,提取率可达到0.845%。结论此工艺稳定、合理、可行。     

New Coumarin Derivatives and Other Constituents from the Stem Bark of Zanthoxylum avicennae: Effects on Neutrophil Pro-Inflammatory Responses

Three new coumarin derivatives, 8-formylalloxanthoxyletin (1), avicennone (2), and (Z)-avicennone (3), have been isolated from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum avicennae (Z. avicennae), together with 15 known compounds (4–18). The structures of these new compounds were determined through spectroscopic and MS analyses. Compounds 1, 4, 9, 12, and 15 exhibited inhibition (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values ≤7.65 µg/mL) of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). Compounds 1, 2, 4, 8 and 9 inhibited fMLP/CB-induced elastase release with IC₅₀ values ≤8.17 µg/mL. This investigation reveals bioactive isolates (especially 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 12 and 15) could be further developed as potential candidates for the treatment or prevention of various inflammatory diseases.