氨法处理硫酸装置尾气生产亚铵的实践

介绍用氨法处理硫酸装置尾气生产亚硫酸铵的工艺流程、控制指标、主要设备和生产运行情况。实践表明,氨法SO2吸收率高,可实现装置尾气达标排放,但也存在产品品位较低的问题。对问题进行了分析并提出改进意见。     

氯化铜脱除硫化氢气体制硫磺研究

A novel technology of removing H2S with cupric chloride solution was developed in this paper. Cupric as the form of CuS deposition, the CuS produced was then oxidized by excessive cupric ion in another reactor meanwhile cupric ion that has been consumed can be recovered by the oxidization of CuCl2- with oxygen in air,and the solution can be circulated. Moreover, the leaching kinetics of CuS by cupric ion was studied. The removal efficiency of H2S is close to 100%, and the required operating condition is mild. Compared with other wet oxidization methods, no raw material is consumed except O2 in air, the process has no secondary pollution and no problem of degradation and scale, and the absorbent is much stable and reliable.     

Electrochemical investigations of copper behaviour in different cupric complex solutions: Voltammetric study

The electrochemical behaviour of copper has been investigated in different cupric complex solutions by cyclic voltammetry. In pyridinic and picolinic solutions the reduction of cupric complex occurred in two stages leading to Cu(I) and Cu(0), respectively. The electrodeposited copper is oxidized in two steps leading to Cu(I) and Cu(II) as in ammoniacal cupric complex solutions. In glycine, alanine, sulfamic acid and ethylenediamine solutions, the cuprous complex is an intermediate in the cupric complex reduction but it is not detected during the oxidation of the electrodeposited copper in these solutions. In EDTA and triethanolamine solutions, the cuprous complex is not observed. The rate of copper etching was determined in pyridinic and ammoniacal cupric solutions and was shown to be faster in ammoniacal cupric solutions than in the pyridinic solutions.     

铜离子-氧化锌/十六烷基铵基吡啶-蒙脱石吸附大肠杆菌的能力

以蒙脱石(montmorillonite,MMT)、铜离子(Cu2 )、氧化锌(ZnO)和十六烷基铵基吡啶(cetylpyridinium,CP)为主要原料,制备了MMT基系列细菌吸附剂Cu2 -ZnO/CP-MMT,Cu2 -ZnO/MMT,ZnO/MMT和MMT,并比较它们吸附大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E.coli)的能力.结果表明:上述材料与E.coli作用1.5 h后均可达到吸附平衡,吸附率大小顺序为Cu2 -ZnO/CP-MMT＞Cu2 -ZnO/MMT＞ZnO/MMT＞MMT.介质的pH值、离子强度和吸附温度对MMT基矿物材料吸附E.coli的能力有不同程度的影响.MMT基矿物材料吸附E.coli为吸热过程,在实验温度范围内自发进行.     

An experimental investigation into the pre-treatment of synthetic membranes using sodium hydroxide solutions

In this paper the effect of two pre-treatment methods are compared experimentally for the filtration of (i) a spent sulphite liquor (17.8 wt.% dry solids) using a 20 kg mol⁻¹ molar mass cut off (MMCO) fluoropolymer membrane and (ii) a molasses solution (45° Brix) using a polysulphone (Psf) membrane (1.5 μm pore size). Both feeds are industrially relevant, and subject to severe fouling issues when membranes are used in their subsequent processing. The pre-treatment methods evaluated were: (i) conditioning with water at 60 °C only [Protocol 1], and (ii) conditioning with water at 60 °C followed by cleaning with 0.5 wt.% NaOH [Protocol 2]. Results are presented that confirm the benefits of sodium hydroxide preconditioning upon performance, supporting the suggestion by some membrane manufacturers that this step be included as part of the pre-treatment protocol.     

Copper(I)-Dioxygen Adducts and Copper Enzyme Mechanisms

Primary copper(I)-dioxygen (O₂) adducts, cupric-superoxide complexes, have been proposed intermediates in copper-containing dioxygen-activating monooxygenase and oxidase enzymes. Here, mechanisms of C−H activation by reactive copper-(di)oxygen intermediates are discussed, with an emphasis on cupric-superoxide species. Over the past 25 years, many synthetically derived cupric-superoxide model complexes have been reported. Due to the thermal instability of these intermediates, early studies focused on increasing their stability and obtaining physical characterization. More recently, in an effort to gain insight into the possible substrate oxidation step in some copper monooxygenases, several cupric-superoxide complexes have been used as surrogates to probe substrate scope and reaction mechanisms. These cupric superoxides are capable of oxidizing substrates containing weak O−H and C−H bonds. Mechanistic studies for some enzymes and model systems have supported an initial hydrogen-atom abstraction via the cupric-superoxide complex as the first step of substrate oxidation.     

硫酸铜的生产

硫酸铜是重要的铜化合物，用途广泛。叙述了以废铜、铜合金废料、氧化铜矿、氧化硫化混合铜矿、含铜废液等为原料生产硫酸铜的工艺及其特点。     

低热固相合成磷酸铵铜微肥及信噪比控制合成

对合成缓溶磷酸铵铜多元微肥的新方法进行了研究,以聚乙二醇-400 （PEG-400）为模板,CuSO4•5H2O和(NH4)3PO4•3H2O为原料,用低热固相反应一步法成功合成得到磷酸铵铜。用产物XRD图谱数据计算得到的信噪比作为试验的考察指标,试验中应用了均匀设计试验法及数据挖掘技术,在数据挖掘成果的指导下进行了试验。试验结果表明,用最优工艺条件合成得到的产物为51nm的NH4CuPO4 ∙H2O。该合成方法除了得到微溶的磷酸铵铜外,还得可溶的硫酸铵或者硫酸氢铵,这些产物均是肥料,故在实际应用中,用本文的合成法合成磷酸铵铜微肥时,无需分离,其产物混合物就可以作为肥料作用了,不仅合成的工艺甚为简洁,而且生产过程没有废水的产生,无论是从工艺上,还是环保上均比液相法具有优势,是一种颇具工业应用前景的合成法。     

五水硫酸铜的催化氧化制备

研究了空气鼓泡—催化氧化法用紫杂铜制备五水硫酸铜生产方法,考察了温度、酸度、空气鼓入量、催化剂用量等影响。实验结果表明,在硫酸浓度为３％（Ｖ／Ｖ）、反应温度为６０℃、空气流量为３６０１／ｈ时,铜片溶解速率为００２８８ｇ／ｃｍ２·ｈ,产品目的物含量为９８５％。