The impact of roasting on the ochratoxin A content of coffee

Roasting coffee led to a drop in the ochratoxin A (OTA) concentration, as measured by the reference method, especially for dark type roasts. The way the beverage was prepared also affected the OTA content, which could paradoxically be higher than that of the initial roasted coffee. Assays on the thermal stability of pure OTA showed that it ought to be found in larger quantities in roasted coffee. This suggested that OTA was masked by reactions with the substrate during roasting. The absence of OTA in green coffee is therefore the best guarantee of safety.     

Ruins and Revival: Paris in the Aftermath of the Second World War

Although many devastated European cities have been studied, the bombing and reconstruction of key industrial sites and certain suburban residential zones in greater Paris have received little scholarly attention. Using archival sources, this article explores both destruction and reconstruction, and traces how homeless families shared apartments or endured years of 'temporary' accommodation in huts and other shelters. Post-war economic planning in France privileged the restoration of industrial and commercial sites; rebuilding of housing by the state, by housing co-operatives and by individual property owners received less support and progressed far more slowly. Today, the visual legacy of reconstruction is easily confused with that of completely new post-war apartments; however its origin, if not its architecture, is distinctively different and merits recognition in its own right.     

激光对CCD器件破坏时几种阈值的测量

本文简要回顾了近十年来激光CVD(LCVD)技术的发展概况及其在金属、电介质和半导体薄膜生长方面的应用情况。阐明了这种新发展起来的成膜技术不仅因其生长的低温化能够给器件带来优良的电学特性,同时也可利用其高精度的膜厚控制特性获得新结构的材料和器件。作者还对该技术的广泛的应用前景予以展望和肯定。     

大跨度钢桁拱桥节点疲劳性能试验研究

重庆朝天门大桥是当今世界第一大跨度拱桥,其下弦节点直接承受公路荷载与轻轨荷载的双重作用,下弦节点连接处应力幅大,目前大跨度钢桥中未曾有类似的设计及试验,因此,该文对其下弦节点连接进行了高周疲劳试验以确定其连接的可靠性。首先通过相关规范及朝天门大桥的交通量确定出模型的试验荷载,并完成从实桥节点到模型的转换,然后对模型进行正常设计荷载下的200万次疲劳试验,该试验验证了设计寿命期内朝天门大桥节点连接的安全性,并用空间有限元分析结果验证了试验数据的真实性。最后进行了该模型的疲劳破坏试验,得出了这类节点的疲劳破坏规律,为该类桥梁以后的设计及监测提供了数据及参考意见。     

楼梯结构单元震害分析

以框架结构中最为常见的双跑楼梯为研究模型,利用有限元分析软件MIDAS分析了楼梯间在地震水平力作用下的荷载传导方式,并与不含斜梯板的框架进行对比分析,得到了在地震荷载作用下框架结构楼梯破坏的机理.     

Water as a Promoter of the Complete Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds over Uranium Oxide Catalysts

The effect of water addition on the complete oxidation of benzene and propane VOCs by uranium oxide catalysts has been investigated. Benzene oxidation was studied using a silica supported U₃O₈ catalyst. Complete oxidation is promoted by the addition of 2.6% water compared with the reactivity when no water is added to the reactant feed. Increasing the water concentration to 12.1% resulted in a suppression of oxidation activity. Investigation of propane oxidation using U₃O₈ shows a dramatic promotion of activity. Propane conversion was ca. 50% at 600 °C without added water, whilst it increased to 100% at 400 °C with the addition of 2.6% water. A comparison of oxidation activity has been made with Mn₂O₃, an oxide recognised for complete oxidation. In contrast to the U₃O₈ catalysts the addition of 2.6% water suppresses the activity of Mn₂O₃. In situ powder X-ray diffraction studies showed that the bulk U₃O₈ structure was stable under all the reaction conditions. The origin of the increased activity is not clear but may be due to modification of the catalyst surface and the contribution from new reaction pathways such as steam reforming.     

Theoretical assessment of the catalytic (Pt/TiO2) oxidation of formaldehyde at ambient temperature

A recent article [C. Zhang, H. He, K. Tanaka, Catal. Commun. 6 (2005) 211] investigates the use of a Pt/TiO₂ catalyst for the oxidation of formaldehyde. The findings demonstrate nearly complete oxidation at ambient temperature (25 °C) for values of the surface velocity in the range 5–10 × 10⁴ h⁻¹ and a 45% destruction when using a surface velocity of 20 × 10⁴ h⁻¹.In the present communication, this oxidation was assessed by theoretical considerations of the reaction kinetics. The destruction efficiency was predicted using a first-order reaction rate expression, combined with different theoretical or semi-empirical equations for the intrinsic reaction rate constant. Predicted and experimental data are in fair agreement, thus validating the theoretical approach and confirming the experimental results.     

含充填物的大理岩裂隙扩展过程及破坏特性

为了进一步了解非直裂隙的破坏机理,以天然粗粒大理岩及含不同充填物的大理岩为研究对象,采用全自动化雕刻设备进行裂隙试件制作,然后分别对"/"型裂隙试件和"S"型裂隙试件进行单轴压缩试验.试验结果表明:1)在压缩试验中,"/"型和"S"型裂隙试件均发生剪切破坏,其破坏迹线基本一致;2)在同样外荷载作用下,含充填岩体破坏损伤度明显小于无充填岩体,充填物不仅影响前期强度还影响峰后残余强度的提高,其充填试件峰后应变增幅达到18.75%;3)不同的充填物对岩体抵抗开裂的能力不同,水泥浆的黏结力和强度比石膏好,故水泥浆具有良好的加固效果.试验探讨了非直裂隙("S"型)及充填材料对裂隙岩体破坏的影响,总结了充填材料作用下裂隙的扩展模式,为实际工程裂隙化岩体提供实验依据和参考.     

一种基于移动Agent的云端(Cloud-P2P)数据复合销毁机制

云端融合计算(Cloud-P2P)融合了云计算与对等计算环境的所有节点资源,实现了最大范围的协作与资源共享。数据销毁机制是保障用户数据的安全性和可控性的重要措施之一,然而云端计算环境本身的特性也给数据的有效销毁带来了困难。针对云端数据存储系统对数据的主动销毁、定时销毁和自销毁等复合需求,提出一种基于移动Agent的数据复合销毁机制,该方法不依赖第三方,利用移动Agent技术实现对过期、废弃型数据及时、有效、灵活的销毁,并在恶意主体对数据实施攻击时主动实施防御性数据销毁,有效增强了用户数据的安全性。针对节点上数据的具体销毁,还提出一种新颖的“数据折叠”的数据覆写方法,它充分利用数据本身进行销毁,有效降低了系统的开销。     

防空杀伤区拟合算法设计

为了给防空武器系统的使用提供更加有力的依据,在防空仿真系统的基础上,针对典型防空杀伤区的空间特性,设计了一种等间隔连续分割然后拟合求杀伤区的算法.算法先对防空理论杀伤区空间区域进行分割划分,求得一系列离散点,根据仿真系统得到的仿真数据计算这些离散点的杀伤概率,根据给定杀伤概率的要求拟合杀伤区.通过多次的仿真实验结果表明了算法的正确性和合理性,在防空杀伤区的计算上有一定的可行性.