不同活性污泥胞外聚合物提取方法优化

活性污泥胞外聚合物( extracellular polymeric substances, EPS)是污水生物处理过程中污泥结构、脱水性能、絮凝性能以及沉降性能的重要决定因素,而提取方法不同EPS的剥离程度存在很大的差别.因此EPS提取方法的建立至关重要.采用6种方法提取不同污泥EPS,分析了不同污泥每g干污泥中分层EPS的质量及组成,并考察了污泥粒径及脱水性能与污泥EPS的关系.结果表明：不同工艺不同污泥每g干污泥中EPS质量不同;甲醛+NaOH法提取EPS效率高且对细胞破坏程度小,试验中不同污泥EPS提取量为15.88~39.30 mg;每g干污泥中黏液层EPS质量越高,蛋白质与多糖质量浓度之比越大,污泥脱水性能越差;污泥EPS的提取效率与污泥粒径存在一定的相关性,污泥粒径越大,提取效率越高.     

Improving Dewaterability and Other Properties of Citric Acid Wastewater Treatment Sludge by Ozone and Peroxone

ABSTRACT

The efficacies of ozonation and peroxone (O₃/H₂O₂) pretreatments were compared for citric acid wastewater sludge conditioning with the objective of improving dewatering characteristics of the sludge. Treatment with 84 mg O₃/g dry solid (DS) and 12.5 mg/g DS H₂O₂ greatly enhanced the effectiveness of ozonation, providing sludge dewaterability similar to that obtained by ozonation at 250 mg O₃/g DS. Most importantly, treatment of citric acid wastewater sludge with 84 mg O₃/g DS and 12.5 mg/g DS H₂O₂ led to the preservation of the nutrient elements nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the sludge with a minimal volatile suspended solids/total suspended solids reduction of 5.5%, which is much lower than that with ozonation at 250 mg O₃/g DS.     

Breakage–reflocculation implemented by two-stage shear for enhancing waste-activated sludge dewaterability: Effects of shear condition and extracellular polymeric substances

The conditioning of waste-activated sludge (WAS) before dewatering is crucial for enhancing sludge dewaterability. The breakage–reflocculation that was implemented by two-stage shear (drastic first-stage shear for breakage and moderate second-stage shear for reflocculation utilizing the bioflocculation function) which was proposed as a novel WAS conditioning method with several advantages (simple operation, lower cost, and none added reagent) compared to traditional methods. Effects of the shear condition and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on breakage–reflocculation were orderly investigated. Two equations were developed by response surface methodology for predicting breakage–reflocculation conditioning performance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that individual effects of first-stage shear rate (G₁), second-stage shear rate (G₂), second-stage shear time (t₂), and interactive effect of G₁G₂ were significant. More compact WAS flocs with better dewaterability and larger floc size formed through breakage–reflocculation. This was reflected in that the capillary suction time decreased by 16.9% and mean floc size increased by 24% under the optimum shear condition. In addition, the loosely bound EPS was revealed to be closely negatively correlated with breakage–reflocculation conditioning performance, indicating its adverse role in breakage–reflocculation. The breakage–reflocculation could be used as an independent conditioning method with low cost or a part of combined method.     

管输原油流动改性剂评价方法改善

分析了管输原油流动改性剂对原油含水率上升、外排水化学需氧量增加、炼化设备腐蚀的影响。针对下游炼化企业对管输原油流动改性剂的质量要求,在评价管输原油流动改性剂时,需新增脱水性、可生化性和有机氯含量三个评价指标。给出详细室内实验方法。用该方法评价乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯共聚物三种原油流动改性剂,其脱水比分别为89%、75%、96%,外排水的五日生化需氧量和化学需氧量比值分别为0.33、0.48、0.89,有机氯含量分别为0.95%、0.23%、0.02%。聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯共聚物流动改性剂对原油脱水、外排水可生化性能、有机氯含量的负面影响较小,满足炼油生产的要求。     

投加调理剂与表面活性剂对污泥脱水性能的影响

研究了无机调理剂(FeCl3和CaO)与表面活性剂的联合作用对污泥絮体特征、沉降性能和脱水性能的影响。结果表明,当FeCl3、CaO、表面活性剂的投加量分别为0.067、0.134、0.054 g/g时,泥饼的含水率最低,为62.97%,且沉降性能得到了明显的改善。通过观察处理前后污泥絮体的粒径分布和扫描电镜(SEM)照片,发现污泥的絮团被破坏,粒径明显变小。由于无机调理剂和表面活性剂的联合作用能够使污泥絮体表面的EPS脱落,减少结合水的含量,从而改善了污泥的脱水性能。     

碱的类型对剩余污泥碱性发酵及脱水性能的影响

在温度35℃、pH=10条件下,对比研究了14d内剩余污泥在KOH、NaOH、Ca(OH)2和Na2CO3这4种碱性条件下的水解产酸性能、脱水性能、氨氮和正磷酸释放情况以及污泥减量情况。结果表明:剩余污泥在4种碱性条件下表现出不同的水解产酸能力、脱水性能、以及污泥减量情况。污泥水解能力排序为Na2CO3>NaOH≈KOH>Ca(OH)2;产酸能力排序为NaOH>KOH≈Na2CO3>Ca(OH)2;脱水性能排序为Ca(OH)2>Na2CO3>NaOH≈KOH,氨氮和正磷酸盐释放量排序均为为Na2CO3>NaOH≈KOH>Ca(OH)2。剩余污泥在Na2CO3条件下挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)去除率最高;但在NaOH条件下总悬浮固体(TSS)去除率最高。     

pH值对脱硫废水处理系统污泥性质的影响

在不同pH值工况下，对脱硫废水处理系统产生的污泥特性进行分析，研究了pH值对污泥产量、组成、沉降性能和脱水性能的影响。基于污泥沉降性能和脱水性能优化实验，对华能南通电厂脱硫废水"三联箱"工艺进行调试。结果表明：pH值越高，污泥产量就越高，污泥沉降比也越高。脱水性能的改变是由于污泥中各成分占比发生了改变，脱水性能在pH值为8.5时最优。投加阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺（PAM），能显著改善污泥的沉降和脱水性能。现场"三联箱"工艺运行pH值为8.5，将非离子型PAM更换为阴离子型PAM，泥饼含水率和出水浊度分别降低至25.2%和12.6 NTU。     

微波联合PAM对污泥脱水性能的影响

为提高剩余污泥脱水性能,降低絮凝剂投加量,采用某城市污水厂剩余污泥为研究对象,研究微波预处理技术联合聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）对污泥脱水性能的影响,分析不同微波加载时间和PAM投加量对污泥毛细吸水时间（tcs）、污泥比阻以及离心后污泥含水率的影响及相关机理．结果表明,适宜的联用条件对污泥脱水效果优于仅PAM调理,污泥tcs、离心后含水率及污泥比阻分别由仅PAM调理的37.3 s、83.68％、1.72×10⁹ s²·g-1降至16.7 s、78.16％、0.35×10⁹ s²·g-1,且PAM投加量节省33％左右．适宜的微波与PAM联用对污泥的脱水性能有明显改善．     

餐厨垃圾和厨余垃圾厌氧消化产生沼渣的脱水性能分析

以餐厨垃圾和厨余垃圾为原料进行中温厌氧消化反应,采用含固率(TS)、离心脱水后含固率(CTS)、模化毛细吸水时间(NCST)、过滤比阻(SRF)以及结合水含量(BW)为脱水性能评价指标,研究不同厌氧消化阶段产生沼渣的脱水性能。研究发现:沼渣TS变化范围为3.0%～9.9%,CTS为10.9%～31.0%,NCST为50.8～163.7 s·L·(g TS)^-1,SRF为2.1×10¹³ ～13.8×10¹³ m·kg^-1,BW为2.3～15.1 g·(g TS)^-1。厌氧反应器的累计甲烷产量始终是餐厨垃圾高于厨余垃圾,前者最高可达381 ml·(g VS_added)^-1,而后者仅为280 ml·(g VS_added)^-1;沼渣的脱水性能主要受厌氧消化时间的影响。同时,以餐厨垃圾为原料的沼渣可以达到的脱水程度较高,而以厨余垃圾为原料的沼渣的脱水速率较快;沼渣TS与NCST、SRF和BW脱水指标的两两间相关性显著,而与CTS没有明显相关性。     

Influence of microwave irradiation on sludge dewaterability

The study focuses on the effect of microwave irradiation on sludge dewaterability. Capillary suction time and specific resistance of filtration were used to evaluate sludge dewaterability. Soluble chemical oxygen demand, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) content and sludge particle size were determined in an attempt to explain the observed changes in sludge dewaterability. The results indicated that microwave application slightly enhanced sludge dewaterability with short contact time, while it significantly deteriorated sludge dewaterability with long contact time. The results show that 900 W and 60 s is an ideal microwave condition, yielding maximum sludge dewaterability characteristics by generating sludge with optimal disintegration (1.5–2%), EPS concentration (1500–2000 mg/l), and particle size distribution (120–140 μm).