防治水泥稳定碎石基层沥青路面裂缝的措施浅析

水泥稳定碎石基层沥青路面裂缝产生的原因复杂 ,但非荷载型裂缝更为主要。防治水泥稳定碎石基层沥青路面的裂缝应该从设计和施工两方面考虑 ,其中由结构、材料组成设计 ,以及施工工艺出发控制水泥稳定碎石基层本身的收缩也是一项重要措施。     

Uncertainty,belief, and probability1

We introduce a new probabilistic approach to dealing with uncertainty, based on the observation that probability theory does not require that every event be assigned a probability. For a nonmeasurable event (one to which we do not assign a probability), we can talk about only the inner measure and outer measure of the event. In addition to removing the requirement that every event be assigned a probability, our approach circumvents other criticisms of probability-based approaches to uncertainty. For example, the measure of belief in an event turns out to be represented by an interval (defined by the inner and outer measures), rather than by a single number. Further, this approach allows us to assign a belief (inner measure) to an event E without committing to a belief about its negation -E (since the inner measure of an event plus the inner measure of its negation is not necessarily one). Interestingly enough, inner measures induced by probability measures turn out to correspond in a precise sense to Dempster-Shafer belief functions. Hence, in addition to providing promising new conceptual tools for dealing with uncertainty, our approach shows that a key part of the important Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence is firmly rooted in classical probability theory. Cet article présente une nouvelle approche probabiliste en ce qui concerne le traitement de l'incertitude; celle-ci est basée sur l'observation que la théorie des probabilityés n'exige pas qu'une probabilityé soit assignée à chaque événement. Dans le cas d'un événement non mesurable (un événement pour lequel on n'assigne aucune probabilityé), nous ne pouvons discuter que de la mesure intérieure et de la mesure extérieure de l'évenément. En plus d'éliminer la nécessité d'assigner une probabilityéà l'événement, cette nouvelle approche apporte une réponse aux autres critiques des approches à l'incertitude basées sur des probabilityés. Par exemple, la mesure de croyance dans un événement est représentée par un intervalle (défini par la mesure intérieure et extérieure) plutǒt que par un nombre unique. De plus, cette approche nous permet d'assigner une croyance (mesure intérieure) à un événement E sans se compromettre vers une croyance à propos de sa négation -E (puisque la mesure intérieure d'un événement et la mesure intérieure de sa négation ne sont pas nécessairement une seule et unique mesure). II est intéressant de noter que les mesures intérieures qui résultent des mesures de probabilityé correspondent d'une manière précise aux fonctions de croyance de Dempster-Shafer. En plus de constituer un nouvel outil conceptuel prometteur dans le traitement de l'incertitude, cette approche démontre qu'une partie importante de la théorie de l'évidence de Dempster-Shafer est fermement ancrée dans la theorie classique des probabilityés.     

Hydrolysis of Fe(OH)SO4 in the presence of metallic iron

Hydrolysis of Fe(OH)SO₄ was carried out in the presence of metallic iron in order to prevent the formation of iron(III) oxides with strongly bonded sulphate. Under the conditions of the experiment, the products were found to be mixtures of ?-Fe₂O₃ and α-FeOOH. The occluded sulphate, if any, could be easily washed out with water. The hydrolysis reaction passes through an equilibrium state before coming to completion. The entropy with enthalpy of the hydrolysis corresponding to the equilibrium state were found to be 4 e.u. and 0·5 kJ/mol, respectively. The activation energy of the hydrolysis reaction was found to be 21 kJ/mol.     

A method to estimate entropies and heat capacities applied to alkali oxides

We present a method that is useful in the estimate and assessment of heat capacity data. The approach is based on an analysis of the logarithmic average of the phonon frequencies. In this quantity, that may be easily derived from experimental data on the vibrational entropy, the influence of atomic masses can be exactly accounted for even in polyatomic solids. Our method is applied to Li₂O, Na₂O, K₂O, Rb₂O, and Cs₂O. In particular, literature data for K₂O are critically examined.     

预应力混凝土箱梁主要裂缝成因和防治措施的探讨

预应力混凝土连续箱梁的裂缝问题一直以来倍受桥梁界专家及技术人员的关注。本文通过对预应力混凝土连续箱梁主要裂缝产生的原因进行了浅析，并提出了相应的防治的措施。     

煤矿矿井水检测质量控制措施探讨

探讨了影响煤矿矿井水检测质量的主要因素,按照全过程、全要素控制的理念提出了检测前、检测中和检测后的控制措施。     

有扰对称信道平均信息量的计算

照相手机让诺基亚抢了风头，这真是亚洲人的失策。在日本和韩国，内置摄像头的手机早就不是什么值得炫耀的东西了。不过日本人的动作还是很快的，GD88和N8一副后来居上的架势，让人不敢小瞧。     

Al2O3对唐钢高炉炉渣性能的影响

针对唐钢近2年提高进口矿配比后，Al2O3含量升高对炉渣流动性带来的不利影响，对唐钢高炉的炉渣性能进行了试验研究。并结合国内同行业的生产实践经验，从理论上分析了炉渣中Al2O3及MgO的适宜含量范围，着重论述了唐钢所处冀东矿区条件下降低Al2O3的主要途径及适应高Al2O3炉渣的具体措施。     

Ergodicity of filtering process by vanishing discount approach

A new approach to study ergodicity of filtering processes is presented. It is based on the vanishing discount approach to discounted functional of filtering process. We show that limit superior of the Cesaro averages of the functionals is the same for all initial conditions from which the uniqueness of invariant measures of filtering processes follows. The approach is based on certain assumption for which we provide a sufficient condition using concavity arguments. In addition we show the existence of solutions to the Poisson equation corresponding to filtering process with concave functional. The assumptions are then extended to the controlled case and using similar concave arguments we obtain the existence of solutions to the Bellman equation corresponding to partially observed average cost per unit time problem.     

Evaluation of rainfall networks using entropy: II. Application

This paper, the second in the series, applies the entropy approach to space and time evaluation of rainfall networks in Louisiana. The evaluation is made for five sampling intervals: daily, 2-day, weekly, monthly, and yearly, and for two separate seasons. In each case, the best combination of raingages is suggested and the lines of equal information (isoinformation contours) are constructed showing the areas of greater or less information transfer. The isoinformation lines are especially suitable in decisions concerning the expansion of the existing network or deleting the unnecessary raingages.