质子和中子的单粒子效应等效性实验研究

通过实验方法确定了高能质子和中子引起的单粒子效应等效关系，实验中采用金箔散射法降低了质子束流强度，并利用热释光剂量计（TLD）进行质子注量的监测，采用新研制的存储器长线实时监测系统，进行了64K位至4M位的SRAM器件单粒子效应实验，确定了两种粒子引起单粒子效应等效关系。     

新的捷联惯性导航划桨误差补偿算法

针对实际捷联惯性导航系统解算中的圆锥误差和划桨误差,结合已解算出的当前时刻之前两个周期的姿态信息对旋转矢量进行修正的算法,利用算法的对偶性原理,将该算法应用于划桨误差补偿算法中。在划桨运动下对该算法进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,该划桨误差补偿算法具有与解析解相当的精度。     

无线局域网WEP协议安全隐患分析

近年来,无线局域网技术和市场都有了突飞猛进的发展。而随着IEEE802.11无线局域网的普及,网络的安全性问题也正在变得日益严峻。WEP协议是IEEE802.11标准规定的数据加密机制。WEP虽然提供了64位和128位长度的密钥机制,但是它仍然存在许多缺陷。文中详细分析了WEP加密和解密的原理,从3个方面说明了WEP存在的安全隐患,并依次讨论了各安全隐患所对应的解决方案。     

对熵增加原理与热力学第二定律等效性的证明

本文首先阐述了证明熵增加原理与热力学第二定律两者之间具有等效性的必要性，然后对熵增加原理是热力学第二定律的数学表述作了严格的证明。     

Full-scale experimental investigation on the shock-wave characteristics of high-pressure natural gas pipeline physical explosions

In this study, a series of full-scale high-pressure natural gas pipeline physical explosion experiments were performed, in which the overpressure of the shock waves was measured and analyzed. The concept of “physical explosion linear energy (PEXLE)” was proposed and a “PEXLE model” was established to evaluate shock waves in a cylindrical pipeline with high length–diameter ratio. Equations were fitted to describe the characteristics of peak overpressure, positive pressure duration and specific impulse. Results showed that peak overpressure of shock waves is not influenced by the length of pipeline. With the increase of the propagation distance, specific impulse first increases and then decreases. This indicates that the position of the maximum value of overpressure does not correspond with that of the specific impulse.     

当量法测定7XXX系铝合金热物理性能

基于当量的概念（所有合金元素对材料热物理性能的影响可以通过一个参考元素的等效作用来表示）,以Zn为参考元素,通过对7XXX系铝合金二元相图富Al端液相线的数值拟合,得到当量算法所需参数,并将其他元素的当量浓度和参考元素的实际浓度之和用于计算材料的液相线温度和潜热。计算结果与差示扫描量热仪（DSC）测得的数据吻合。与Jmatpro软件获得的数值相比,该算法展现出更好的准确性。     

论高压直流开断试验回路等价性

本文针对电容储能高压直流开断试验回路的等价性展开讨论,研究了不同时延t_d对开断电流I_0的影响,从而提出了最佳等价时延t_(de)和最佳开断时延t_(dp)的概念,为开展高压直流开断技术的研究提供依据和参考。     

Exposure and effects assessment of persistent organohalogen contaminants in arctic wildlife and fish

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) encompass an array of anthropogenic organic and elemental substances and their degradation and metabolic byproducts that have been found in the tissues of exposed animals, especially POPs categorized as organohalogen contaminants (OHCs). OHCs have been of concern in the circumpolar arctic for decades. For example, as a consequence of bioaccumulation and in some cases biomagnification of legacy (e.g., chlorinated PCBs, DDTs and CHLs) and emerging (e.g., brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and in particular polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanic acid (PFOA) found in Arctic biota and humans. Of high concern are the potential biological effects of these contaminants in exposed Arctic wildlife and fish. As concluded in the last review in 2004 for the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) on the effects of POPs in Arctic wildlife, prior to 1997, biological effects data were minimal and insufficient at any level of biological organization. The present review summarizes recent studies on biological effects in relation to OHC exposure, and attempts to assess known tissue/body compartment concentration data in the context of possible threshold levels of effects to evaluate the risks. This review concentrates mainly on post-2002, new OHC effects data in Arctic wildlife and fish, and is largely based on recently available effects data for populations of several top trophic level species, including seabirds (e.g., glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus)), polar bears (Ursus maritimus), polar (Arctic) fox (Vulpes lagopus), and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), as well as semi-captive studies on sled dogs (Canis familiaris). Regardless, there remains a dearth of data on true contaminant exposure, cause-effect relationships with respect to these contaminant exposures in Arctic wildlife and fish. Indications of exposure effects are largely based on correlations between biomarker endpoints (e.g., biochemical processes related to the immune and endocrine system, pathological changes in tissues and reproduction and development) and tissue residue levels of OHCs (e.g., PCBs, DDTs, CHLs, PBDEs and in a few cases perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs)). Some exceptions include semi-field studies on comparative contaminant effects of control and exposed cohorts of captive Greenland sled dogs, and performance studies mimicking environmentally relevant PCB concentrations in Arctic charr. Recent tissue concentrations in several arctic marine mammal species and populations exceed a general threshold level of concern of 1 part-per-million (ppm), but a clear evidence of a POP/OHC-related stress in these populations remains to be confirmed. There remains minimal evidence that OHCs are having widespread effects on the health of Arctic organisms, with the possible exception of East Greenland and Svalbard polar bears and Svalbard glaucous gulls. However, the true (if any real) effects of POPs in Arctic wildlife have to be put into the context of other environmental, ecological and physiological stressors (both anthropogenic and natural) that render an overall complex picture. For instance, seasonal changes in food intake and corresponding cycles of fattening and emaciation seen in Arctic animals can modify contaminant tissue distribution and toxicokinetics (contaminant deposition, metabolism and depuration). Also, other factors, including impact of climate change (seasonal ice and temperature changes, and connection to food web changes, nutrition, etc. in exposed biota), disease, species invasion and the connection to disease resistance will impact toxicant exposure. Overall, further research and better understanding of POP/OHC impact on animal performance in Arctic biota are recommended. Regardless, it could be argued that Arctic wildlife and fish at the highest potential risk of POP/OHC exposure and mediated effects are East Greenland, Svalbard and (West and South) Hudson Bay polar bears, Alaskan and Northern Norway killer whales, several species of gulls and other seabirds from the Svalbard area, Northern Norway, East Greenland, the Kara Sea and/or the Canadian central high Arctic, East Greenland ringed seal and a few populations of Arctic charr and Greenland shark.     

关于井间地震层析成像中几个问题的探讨

基于射线理论的井间地震速度层析成像技术已在石油开发和浅层工程勘探领域得到了初步应用；并显示出良好的解决复杂地质问题的能力，本文就目前常用的直达透射波旅行时速度分析成像的应用情况，提出几个容易忽视的问题（直达透射波旅行时的确定，大倾角地层层析的不确定性，射线分布不均匀的影响）并进行讨论，文中展示了这些问题的现象，并设计了井间模型进行正演计算，从理论上定量或定性地分析其形成机制，提出相应的改正方法和对     

我国四类衬垫系统防污性能的比较分析

对我国填埋场采用的四类衬垫进行了防污性能的比较分析。评价参数包括渗漏率、污染物击穿时间及衬垫系统底部浓度值。除了2m压实黏土衬垫(CCL)外,其余3种均为包含土工膜(GM)的复合衬垫。分析模型采用了污染物通过有缺陷膜复合衬垫的一维运移解析解。以镉离子(Cd2+)为渗滤液中重金属离子的代表;以苯为其中挥发性有机污染物的代表。研究表明土工复合膨润土垫(GCL)复合衬垫的渗漏率最小,2m黏土最大,两者的差别可在3～5个数量级。GCL复合衬垫对重金属离子具有较好的防污性能,尤其是在高水头及复合衬垫接触较差的情形。厚度较大的2m黏土对挥发性有机污染物的防污性能较好,其击穿时间要比GCL复合衬垫大2～3个数量级。随着水头的增大,CCL复合衬垫的防污性能逐渐地优于2m黏土。在10m水头作用下,CCL复合衬垫底部的100年浓度可比2m黏土小近一个量级。单层膜衬垫的防污性能较差,不适合作为填埋场的衬垫系统。控制填埋场复合衬垫的施工质量和渗滤液水头尤为重要。