纳米复合永磁材料的研究进展

纳米复合永磁材料兼具硬磁性相的高矫顽力和软磁性相的高饱和磁化强度,磁性能优异。本文综述了纳米复合永磁材料的磁性相晶粒间的交换耦合作用、矫顽力机制、微磁学模拟等理论方面的研究进展,同时论述了成分、添加元素、制备工艺对材料微观结构和磁性能的影响,着重介绍了最有应用价值的快淬法磁粉制备工艺。     

Improved magnetic and electromagnetic absorption properties of xSrFe12O19/(1−x)NiFe2O4 composites

xSrFe₁₂O₁₉/(1−x)NiFe₂O₄ composites (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) were synthesized by using a conventional solid-state synthetic route. The results show that magnetic hysteresis loops of the xSrFe₁₂O₁₉/(1−x)NiFe₂O₄ composites are similar to those of individual component ferrites, except for the 0.1SrFe₁₂O₁₉/0.9NiFe₂O₄ and 0.3SrFe₁₂O₁₉/0.7NiFe₂O₄, suggesting that the hard/soft magnetic phases are well exchange-coupled. The saturation magnetization, coercivity, and remanent magnetization of the xSrFe₁₂O₁₉/(1−x)NiFe₂O₄ composites are increased with increasing content of SrFe₁₂O₁₉, with maximal values of 42.1 Am² kg⁻¹, 78.7 kA m⁻¹, 17.2 Am² kg⁻¹, respectively, as the content x is about 0.5. They are higher than those of the individual components, implying that interface coupling is present in the magnetic composites. The coercivity and remanent magnetization of the composites are increased initially with increasing sintering temperature and then show a downward tendency. For the component SrFe₁₂O₁₉ and NiFe₂O₄, the minimum reflection losses are −12.5 dB and −18.3 dB at match thicknesses of 2.5 mm and 2 mm, respectively. Compared with those of the component SrFe₁₂O₁₉ and NiFe₂O₄, the microwave absorption performances of the xSrFe₁₂O₁₉/(1−x)NiFe₂O₄ composites are improved remarkably, especially for the samples of x = 0.3 and x = 0.9. The minimum reflection losses values of the 0.3SrFe₁₂O₁₉/0.7NiFe₂O₄ composite are −31.6 dB (12.7 GHz) and −20.2 dB (13 GHz), while those of the 0.9SrFe₁₂O₁₉/0.1NiFe₂O₄ composites are −23.7 dB (16.3 GHz) and −33.5 dB (15.8 GHz), as the matching thicknesses are 2.5 mm and 2 mm, respectively. Therefore, the xSrFe₁₂O₁₉/(1−x)NiFe₂O₄ composites could be used as potential microwave absorption materials.     

快淬速度对Nd9.5Fe76Zr3Co5B6.5纳米晶复合永磁合金磁性能和微观结构的影响

以Nd9.5Fe76Zr3Co5B6.5合金为研究对象,研究了不同快淬速度(8~65 m/s)对合金的磁性能、交换耦合作用和微观结构的影响。结果表明,快淬速度对合金退火后的微观结构和磁性能具有显著地影响,适当的快淬速度将使合金退火后的晶粒细化、分布均匀,提高软、硬磁性相间的交换耦合作用,进而提高合金的磁性能。当淬速为15 m/s时,合金退火后具有最佳的综合磁性能:Br=0.976 T,Hcj=711.57 kA/m,(BH)max=150.61 kJ/m3。     

Nd-Fe(Co,Ga,Nb)-B纳米复合材料矫顽力的晶粒尺寸关系

用熔体快淬方法制备了Nd2(Fe，Co，Ga，Nb)l4B／α—Fe纳米复合水磁材料，研究了材料的磁性能与晶粒尺寸的关系．结果表明：纳米复合材料的剩磁随着平均晶粒尺寸的减小单调增加，矫顽力随着晶粒尺寸的减小先增加，在23nm附近出现峰值．采用软硬磁性相之间的交换耦合磁硬化和有效各向异性模型解释了矫顽力出现峰值的现象。     

Dependence of Effective Anisotropy on Grain Size in Nanocrystalline Nd2 Fe14 B Hard Magnetic Material

Anisotropy of material is the key factor determin ing coercivity and anisotropy of nano grain is dramati cally influenced by grain size[1~2]. So the coercivityof nano magnetic material with different grain sizeswould have obvious difference.…     

纳米软、硬磁性晶粒间的交换耦合及其有效各向异性

以软磁性相α-Fe和硬磁性相Nd2Fe14B为例,研究了软、硬磁性晶粒间的交换耦合作用和有效各向异性常数〈Ksh〉随晶粒尺寸的变化关系。由于晶粒间的交换耦合作用,晶粒可分为晶粒内部无界面交换耦合作用影响和晶粒表面有界面交换耦合作用影响两部分,其各向异性常数为两部分的统计平均值。计算结果表明：对固定的软磁性晶粒尺寸Ds,〈Ksh〉随硬磁性晶粒尺寸Dh一致增加;对固定的Db,〈Ksj〉随Ds一致减小。为使软、硬磁性晶粒间的有效各向异性常数墨。保持较高的值,应控制硬磁性晶粒大于35nm,软磁性晶粒在10nm左右。     

纳米硬磁晶粒间的交换耦合相互作用和有效各向异性

以纳米Nd2Fe14B永磁材料为例,研究了硬磁晶粒间交换耦合相互作用对磁体有效各向异性的影响。结果表明晶粒间交换耦合相互作用随晶粒尺寸的减小而增强,材料的有效各向异性常数Keff随晶粒尺寸的减小而逐渐下降,Keff随晶粒尺寸的变化与矫顽力的变化规律相似。纳米单相永磁材料有效各向异性的减小是矫顽力降低的主要原因,交换耦合系数口aex实际上是各向异性的减小量。为保证纳米Nd2Fe14B材料具有较高的各向异性和矫顽力,晶粒尺寸应不小于30nm。     

纳米晶双相交换耦合永磁体(NdDy)_2(FeNb)_(14)B/α-Fe的制备、微结构及磁性能研究

利用熔体快淬工艺制备了成份为Ｎｄ８．１６Ｄｙ１Ｆｅ８５．２６Ｎｂ１Ｂ４．５８合金的条带，对由（ＮｄＤｙ）２（ＦｅＮｂ）１４Ｂ和α－Ｆｅ组成的两相快淬带进行了微结构分析与表征，探讨了晶化温度和退火时间及Ｄｙ、Ｎｂ元素的添加对稀土粘结永磁体磁性能的影响，获得了矫顽力较高的交换耦合稀土粘结磁体     

Microstructure and soft-magnetic properties of FeCoPCCu nanocrystalline alloys

Fe_83.2-xCo_xP₁₀C₆Cu_0.8 (x = 0, 4, 6, 8 and 10) alloys with a high amorphous-forming ability and good soft-magnetic properties were successfully synthesized. Saturation magnetic flux density (B_s) is effectively enhanced from 1.53 T to 1.61 T for as-quenched alloy by minor Co addition, which is consistent well with the result of the linear relationship between average magnetic moment and magnetic valence. For Co-contained alloys, the value of corecivity (H_c) is mainly determined by magneto-crystalline anisotropy, while effective permeability (μ_e) is dominated by grain size and average saturation polarization. After proper heat treatment, the Fe_79.2Co₄P₁₀C₆Cu_0.8 nanocrystalline alloy exhibited excellent soft-magnetic properties including a high B_s of 1.8 T, a low H_c of 6.6 A/m and a high μ_e of 15,510, which is closely related to the high volume fraction of α-(Fe, Co) grains and refined uniform nanocrystalline microstructure.     

稀土永磁材料研究新进展

综述了稀土永磁材料研究的新进展，重点介绍了具有磁交换耦合作用的新型纳米复合永磁体。通过列举一些典型永磁体合金和其磁性能，讨论了不同合金成分、制备工艺以及添加微量元素对磁性材料微观结构和磁性能的影响。同时说明了在纳米复合永磁材料中硬磁相与软磁相间的磁交换耦合作用机理，以及交换耦合作用对纳米复合永磁材料磁性能的影响。