血流动力学有限元后处理的集成化开发

为了提高血流动力学有限元分析可视化后处理的效率,基于ANSYS、利用VC、调用MATLAB进行了集成化软件开发.以ANSYS作为设计平台,借助VC设计参数化输入界面,调用MATLAB绘图功能实现了多种图形的绘制.以ANSYS绘制的矢量图、等值线图,以MATLAB绘制的压力脉搏波时空分布图说明该程序完全可用.集成化的后处理软件可以大大提高血流动力学可视化的效率.     

不同边界条件下动脉血流数值研究

为了对不同边界条件下动脉血流进行数值计算和比较,分析了血流动力学中边界条件的选取,从而给出了定解条件.在此基础上选用胸主动脉血管参数,采用不同入口和出口边界条件分别对定常流和非定常流进行数值计算.结果表明:在定常流下压力分布均匀,抛物面形状的速度逐渐被拉平;在非定常流下压力波形逐渐由入口波形向出口波形进行转换,速度分布平钝.边界条件对流场分布有重要影响.     

生物电阻抗测量的理论探讨

通过生物阻抗测量的研究来分析血液动力学。方法:对阻抗容积描记术原理深入研究与验证,提出阻抗容积描记术原理的改进。改进的阻抗容积描记术原理是利用悬浮物质电导率原理和泊萧叶流量定律,从而找出影响测量精度的干扰信号—呼吸波引起波动,从理论中找到了影响脉搏波阻抗测量的因素。试验的结果表明利用理论的成果和方法实现血液动力学参数较高精度的无创检测。     

Numerical approximation of incompressible flows with net flux defective boundary conditions by means of penalty techniques

We consider incompressible flow problems with defective boundary conditions prescribing only the net flux on some inflow and outflow sections of the boundary. As a paradigm for such problems, we simply refer to Stokes flow. After a brief review of the problem and of its well posedness, we discretize the corresponding variational formulation by means of finite elements and looking at the boundary conditions as constraints, we exploit a penalty method to account for them. We perform the analysis of the method in terms of consistency, boundedness and stability of the discrete bilinear form and we show that the application of the penalty method does not affect the optimal convergence properties of the finite element discretization. Since the additional terms introduced to account for the defective boundary conditions are non-local, we also analyze the spectral properties of the equivalent algebraic formulation and we exploit the analysis to set up an efficient solution strategy. In contrast to alternative discretization methods based on Lagrange multipliers accounting for the constraints on the boundary, the present scheme is particularly effective because it only mildly affects the structure and the computational cost of the numerical approximation. Indeed, it does not require neither multipliers nor sub-iterations or additional adjoint problems with respect to the reference problem at hand.     

A unified formulation for continuum mechanics applied to fluid–structure interaction in flexible tubes

This paper outlines the development of a new procedure for analysing continuum mechanics problems with a particular focus on fluid–structure interaction in flexible tubes. A review of current methods of fluid–structure coupling highlights common limitations of high computational cost and solution instability. It is proposed that these limitations can be overcome by an alternative approach in which both fluid and solid components are solved within a single discretized continuum domain. A single system of momentum and continuity equations is therefore derived that governs both fluids and solids and which are solved with a single mesh using finite volume discretization schemes. The method is validated first by simulating dynamic oscillation of a clamped elastic beam. It is then applied to study the case of interest—wave propagation in highly flexible tubes—in which a predicted wave speed of 8.58 m/s falls within 2% of an approximate analytical solution. The method shows further good agreement with analytical solutions for tubes of increasing rigidity, covering a range of wave speeds from those found in arteries to that in the undisturbed fluid. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

超声引导双心房输注技术对犬急性肺动脉高压血流动力学的影响

目的 探讨超声引导双心房输注技术对犬急性肺动脉高压（APH）血流动力学的影响.方法 将健康成年杂种犬10只按随机数字表法分为超声引导组（A组）、开胸组（B组） 2组,每组5只.2组均采用氯胺酮10 mg·kg-1肌内注射进行麻醉,按经肺动脉注入血栓栓塞法建立犬APH模型,建模成功后：A组通过Swan-Ganz漂浮导管至右心房给予前列腺素E1脂微球载体制剂（Lipo-PGE1）20Jng·kg-1·min-1,通过超声引导,经股动脉逆行置入左心导管至左心房,给予去氧肾上腺素2 μg·kg-1·min-1;B组通过Swaw-Ganz导管至右心房给予A组相同剂量的前列腺素E1脂微球载体制剂,经胸正中切口开胸,经左心耳分别插入左心导管,给予A组相同剂量去氧肾上腺素.测量2组麻醉前（T1）,建模成功后给药前（T2）,给药后10tmin（T3）、30 min（T4）、60 min（T5）的心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、血氧饱和度（SpO2）、中心静脉压（CVP）、平均肺动脉压（MPAP）、肺毛细血管楔压（PCWP）和心排出量（CO）,计算心指数（CI）、全肺阻力指数（PVRI）和体循环阻力指数（SVRI）,并检测各时点的血浆LDH3.结果 2组均制模成功.与T2比较：2组T3-T5 时段MPAP、PVRI值均有显著下降（P＜0.05）; 2组T3-T5 时段CI、MAP和SVRI值均有所上升,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）; 2组T4、T5 时段LDH3值均有显著下降（P＜0.05）.各观察指标2组间各时点比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 超声引导双心房输注给予前列腺素E1脂微球载体制剂和去氧肾上腺素能够有效地降低肺动脉高压,同时改善心脏做功,提高CI,降低对体循环血流动力学的影响,改善急性肺动脉高压低心排出量;在减小创伤的同时达到与开胸双心房输注同样效果.     

Correlations of Hepatic Hemodynamics,Liver Function,and Fibrosis Markers in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Comparison with Chronic Hepatitis Related to Hepatitis C Virus

The progression of chronic liver disease differs by etiology. The aim of this study was to elucidate the difference in disease progression between chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by means of fibrosis markers, liver function, and hepatic tissue blood flow (TBF). Xenon computed tomography (Xe-CT) was performed in 139 patients with NAFLD and 152 patients with CHC (including liver cirrhosis (LC)). The cutoff values for fibrosis markers were compared between NAFLD and CHC, and correlations between hepatic TBF and liver function tests were examined at each fibrosis stage. The cutoff values for detection of the advanced fibrosis stage were lower in NAFLD than in CHC. Although portal venous TBF (PVTBF) correlated with liver function tests, PVTBF in initial LC caused by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH-LC) was significantly lower than that in hepatitis C virus (C-LC) (p = 0.014). Conversely, the liver function tests in NASH-LC were higher than those in C-LC (p < 0.05). It is important to recognize the difference between NAFLD and CHC. We concluded that changes in hepatic blood flow occurred during the earliest stage of hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD; therefore, patients with NAFLD need to be followed carefully.     

Influence of high-porosity mesh stent on hemodynamics of intracranial aneu- rysm： A computational study

This paper studies the influence of a High-Porosity Mesh （HPM） stent on the hemodynamic characteristics in the intracranial aneurysm based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD）. An idealized basilar tip aneurysm model and a HPM stent model are built. The pulsating blood flow in a cardiac cycle is computationally simulated for non-stented and stented models, to provide a wealth of information of the spatio-temporally varying blood flow field. The influence of the stent placement on the hemodynamic characteristics is analyzed in terms of distributions of velocity, pressure, Wall Shear Stress （WSS） and Energy Loss （EL）, which are believed to play an important role in the development and rupture of the aneurysm. The numerical results clearly show that the velocity, pressure, WSS and EL of the blood flow in the aneurysm are reduced by 30%-40% when the HPM stent is implanted. These computational results may provide valuable hemodynamic information for clinical neurosurgeon.     

A HEMODYNAMIC MODEL AND A MATHEMATICAL METHOD TO CALCULATE THE DYNAMICS INDEX FOR CEREBRAL CIRCULATION

The dynamics indexes,playing an important role in the cerebral circulation,will be changed significantly compared with their normal range in many cerebrovascular disease.The geometrical parameters of cerebrovascular may be detected by DSA or MRA scan,but the hemodynamic parameters,such as,blood flow,artery resistance and compliance must be calculated by building hemodynamics model. The cerebral circular system that has four entrances for blood flow(two carotid and two vertebral arteries)and three communicating arteries is much different from the systematic ststem which has only one entrance,ic.,the aortic.The purpose of this study is to set up a hemodynamics model with lumped parameters to describe the cerebral circulation.From this model,we get its governing equations and present a new method to calculate the hemodynamics indexes in clinical application.     

微创经皮肾镜取石术对肾血流动力学的影响

目的探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）对肾血流动力学的影响。方法采用彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）观察并分析52例肾结石患者单通道MPCNL术前及术后1、3个月肾主动脉、段间动脉、叶间动脉收缩期峰值流速（S）与舒张期末流速（D）的比值（S/D）和阻力指数（RI）。结果术前肾主动脉、段间动脉、叶间动脉RI值分别为0.60±0.13、0.62±0.12、0.62±0.16;术后1个月肾主动脉、段间动脉、叶间动脉RI值分别为0.61±0.14、0.61±0.15、0.61±0.18;术后3个月肾主动脉、段间动脉、叶间动脉RI值分别为0.61±0.17、0.61±0.09、0.62±0.13。术前与术后1、3个月肾主动脉、段间动脉、叶间动脉S/D、RI值比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）。结论微创经皮肾镜取石术对肾血流动力学无影响,是治疗肾结石的一种安全的方法。