全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16232篇 |
免费 | 1517篇 |
国内免费 | 802篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 319篇 |
综合类 | 1131篇 |
化学工业 | 6839篇 |
金属工艺 | 879篇 |
机械仪表 | 371篇 |
建筑科学 | 453篇 |
矿业工程 | 888篇 |
能源动力 | 203篇 |
轻工业 | 1783篇 |
水利工程 | 80篇 |
石油天然气 | 895篇 |
武器工业 | 117篇 |
无线电 | 447篇 |
一般工业技术 | 2677篇 |
冶金工业 | 1080篇 |
原子能技术 | 126篇 |
自动化技术 | 263篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 66篇 |
2023年 | 183篇 |
2022年 | 405篇 |
2021年 | 464篇 |
2020年 | 481篇 |
2019年 | 420篇 |
2018年 | 408篇 |
2017年 | 477篇 |
2016年 | 566篇 |
2015年 | 561篇 |
2014年 | 873篇 |
2013年 | 860篇 |
2012年 | 1235篇 |
2011年 | 1244篇 |
2010年 | 961篇 |
2009年 | 996篇 |
2008年 | 757篇 |
2007年 | 1194篇 |
2006年 | 1069篇 |
2005年 | 959篇 |
2004年 | 782篇 |
2003年 | 724篇 |
2002年 | 609篇 |
2001年 | 473篇 |
2000年 | 381篇 |
1999年 | 311篇 |
1998年 | 236篇 |
1997年 | 183篇 |
1996年 | 144篇 |
1995年 | 129篇 |
1994年 | 83篇 |
1993年 | 64篇 |
1992年 | 59篇 |
1991年 | 39篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 32篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1965年 | 2篇 |
1962年 | 2篇 |
1951年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Bernette Maria Oosterlaken Heiner Friedrich Gijsbertus de With 《Microscopy research and technique》2022,85(1):412-417
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an important analysis technique to visualize (bio)macromolecules and their assemblies, including collagen fibers. Many protocols for TEM sample preparation of collagen involve one or more washing steps to remove excess salts from the dispersion that could hamper analysis when dried on a TEM grid. Such protocols are not standardized and washing times as well as washing solvents vary from procedure to procedure, with each research group typically having their own protocol. Here, we investigate the influence of washing with water, ethanol, but also methanol and 2-propanol, for both mineralized and unmineralized collagen samples via a protocol based on centrifugation. Washing with water maintains the hydrated collagen structure and the characteristic banding pattern can be clearly observed. Conversely, washing with ethanol results in dehydration of the fibrils, often leading to aggregation of the fibers and a less obvious banding pattern, already within 1 min of ethanol exposure. As we show, this process is fully reversible. Similar observations were made for methanol and propanol. Based on these results, a standardized washing protocol for collagenous samples is proposed. 相似文献
2.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(4):4401-4423
Nano-zirconia has been widely applied due to its excellent physical and chemical properties (e.g., high strength, corrosion resistance, oxygen ion conductivity). Existing preparation methods of nano-zirconia tend to require long reaction time, and the sizes of final particles are large with uneven distributions. Sub-/supercritical hydrothermal synthesis of nanoparticles is favored by researchers owing to controllable reaction process, uniform particle size distribution, good reproducibility, short reaction time, high conversion rate and harmlessness to environment. In this paper, the characteristics and mechanisms of dissolution, crystallization and growth of nano-zirconia during sub-/supercritical hydrothermal synthesis are systematically reviewed. The influences of process and material parameters on the size and purity of particles are analyzed. Then, the reaction mechanism and product phase transition mechanism during hydrothermal synthesis of zirconia are summarized to provide a theoretical reference for the oriented preparation. Finally, the improvement and commercialization of sub-/supercritical hydrothermal synthesis technology are evaluated, and the future research topics are proposed. 相似文献
3.
4.
Colleen Varaidzo Manyumwa
zlem Tastan Bishop 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) have been identified as ideal catalysts for CO2 sequestration. Here, we report the sequence and structural analyses as well as the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of four γ-CAs from thermophilic bacteria. Three of these, Persephonella marina, Persephonella hydrogeniphila, and Thermosulfidibacter takaii originate from hydrothermal vents and one, Thermus thermophilus HB8, from hot springs. Protein sequences were retrieved and aligned with previously characterized γ-CAs, revealing differences in the catalytic pocket residues. Further analysis of the structures following homology modeling revealed a hydrophobic patch in the catalytic pocket, presumed important for CO2 binding. Monitoring of proton shuttling residue His69 (P. marina γ-CA numbering) during MD simulations of P. hydrogeniphila and P. marina’s γ-CAs (γ-PhCA and γ-PmCA), showed a different behavior to that observed in the γ-CA of Escherichia coli, which periodically coordinates Zn2+. This work also involved the search for hotspot residues that contribute to interface stability. Some of these residues were further identified as key in protein communication via betweenness centrality metric of dynamic residue network analysis. T. takaii’s γ-CA showed marginally lower thermostability compared to the other three γ-CA proteins with an increase in conformations visited at high temperatures being observed. Hydrogen bond analysis revealed important interactions, some unique and others common in all γ-CAs, which contribute to interface formation and thermostability. The seemingly thermostable γ-CA from T. thermophilus strangely showed increased unsynchronized residue motions at 423 K. γ-PhCA and γ-PmCA were, however, preliminarily considered suitable as prospective thermostable CO2 sequestration agents. 相似文献
5.
6.
伏彩萍 《有色金属(冶炼部分)》2020,(6):66-69
针对现有柠檬酸铋制备工艺合成时间长、能耗高、产品纯度不高等不足,介绍了一种常温下制备柠檬酸铋的新工艺。新工艺制备时间短,制备的柠檬酸铋产品质量好,合成过程产生的废水可循环利用,废气经碱液循环吸收可生产硝酸钠副产品。 相似文献
7.
8.
Replacement of precious single metal catalysts with cost-effective, highly-dispersed composite catalysts for catalytic hydrothermal conversion of residue holds tremendous promise for the residue upgrading technologies. Organic metals were added to the feed as the oil-soluble precursors, and transformed into the catalytic active phases in this work. Physical properties and structures of the composite catalysts had been investigated by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy. The composite catalysts were found to be highly efficient in the catalytic hydrothermal conversion of both model compound and residue. Increased metal dispersion and synergistic effects of two metals played indispensable roles in such catalytic system. Results showed that under the test conditions in the article, the catalyst had the best catalytic performance when the mass ratio of molybdenum to iron was 1.5. 相似文献
9.
Ying Chen HuiLi Zhang YuNing Liang YanHua Gao Yongchao Li 《Petroleum Science and Technology》2019,37(7):787-795
In this study, a simple hydrothermal synthesis method was adapted for the preparation of Co-doping Co2+/F-/TiO2 nanotubes photocatalyst, and the micro-nano structure of catalysts prepared by biomimetic technology which makes the catalyst have super-oleophilicity property. Co2+/F-/TiO2 revealed improved photocatalytic performance for denitrification of light oil compared to single TiO2 photocatalysts. The enhance of photocatalytic activity can be attributed to narrowing the band gap, increasing the light response wavelength and exposing more highly active crystal surfaces due to synergistic effects of Co2+ and F? in the photocatalyst. 相似文献
10.
The investigation of phase transformations in metastable ceramic systems such as zirconia often requires local phase analysis within the areas of interest. Electron backscatter diffraction is a suitable method in combination with focused ion beam sample preparation. The interaction between ion beam and sample has to be carefully considered. In case of metastable Y-PSZ and Mg-PSZ, phase transformations were observed after FIB preparation with 30?kV, 30?nA and 5° incidence angle. Damage was the dominating effect for angles of 72°. The expected local temperature increase due to the ion bombardment with 30?kV and 30?nA is 700?K for ZrO2. Thus, the observed phase transformations can be explained on the basis of the temperature increase in the corresponding Y-PSZ phase diagram. In case of Mg-PSZ, the transition temperature is 1083?°C. The local temperature increase was obviously lower. The excitation energy for the observed phase transformation was smaller than expected from the phase diagrams of the thermodynamic equilibrium. Using 5?kV, 4.8?nA and 5° incidence angle, no phase transformations and no damage were observed. Thus, these conditions are well suited for the FIB preparation of metastable zirconia. 相似文献