法制化——俄罗斯高等教育质量建设的走向

俄罗斯自20世纪90年代开始充分重视高等教育的发展,其中构建高等教育的质量保障体系成为重中之重。在此过程中,俄罗斯充分发挥了法律的作用,利用法律手段确定了保障的主体责任、建立了评估制度、确定了质量标准等。通过法律手段确定和完善高等教育质量保障体系成为俄罗斯高等教育发展的保证和趋势。     

论依法治校

随着市场经济的发展和依法治国战略的实施,人们的权利意识觉醒,近几年来连续出现了学生与学校之间的纠纷案件,这主要是由于传统管理模式在管理上不能把学生作为平等的主体看待,不仅造成了纠纷,也抑制了学生的个性发展.为此应当改革,走上依法治校之路.     

Logic of Change: Semantics of Object Systems with Active Relations

In traditional approaches to object-oriented programming, objects are active, while relations between them are passive. The activeness of an object reveals itself when the object invokes a method (function) as a reaction to a message from another object (or itself). While this model is suitable for some tasks, like arranging interactions between windows, widgets and the end-user in a typical GUI environment, it's not appropriate for others. Business applications development is one of the examples. In this domain, relations between conceptual objects are at least as important as objects themselves and the more appropriate model for this field would be the one where relations are active while objects are passive. A version of such a model is presented in the paper. The model considers a system as consisting of a set of objects, a code of laws, and a set of connectors, each connector hanging on a group of objects that must obey a certain law. The formal logical semantics of this model is presented as a way of analyzing the set of all possible trajectories of all possible systems. The analysis allows to differentiate valid trajectories from invalid ones. The procedural semantics is presented as a state machine that given an initial state, generates all possible trajectories that can be derived from this state. This generator can be considered as a model of a connectors scheduler that allows various degrees of parallelism, from sequential execution to the maxim possible parallelism. In conclusion, a programming language that could be appropriate for the proposed computer environment is discussed, and the problems of applying the model to the business domain are outlined.     

Power law-based local search in spider monkey optimisation for lower order system modelling

The nature-inspired algorithms (NIAs) have shown efficiency to solve many complex real-world optimisation problems. The efficiency of NIAs is measured by their ability to find adequate results within a reasonable amount of time, rather than an ability to guarantee the optimal solution. This paper presents a solution for lower order system modelling using spider monkey optimisation (SMO) algorithm to obtain a better approximation for lower order systems and reflects almost original higher order system's characteristics. Further, a local search strategy, namely, power law-based local search is incorporated with SMO. The proposed strategy is named as power law-based local search in SMO (PLSMO). The efficiency, accuracy and reliability of the proposed algorithm is tested over 20 well-known benchmark functions. Then, the PLSMO algorithm is applied to solve the lower order system modelling problem.     

试论地方政府履行社会救助职责的法治化问题——以地方政府舟曲救援为切人

在强化社会管理和切实保障民生的转型发展时期,以甘肃省政府舟曲救援为特定研究对象,考察地方政府履行社会救助职责的依据、过程与实效,具有一定的理论价值和实践意义。履行社会救助职责是国家对公民经济社会文化权利的保护义务的切实承担。公民享有的社会救助权利属于社会基本权。政府履行社会救助职责与受灾群众自救自助之间不是相互冲突的关系。政府履行社会救助职责是当为的、必要的。社会救助具有对象的普遍性和内容的特定性,由此政府救助行政必须予以法治化,应当体现人本理念,提高政府履行社会救助职责的综合性、持续性,以及及时性、适足性,切实满足公民的生存需求和发展需要。为实现政府履行社会救助职责的法治化,要围绕给付行政的特殊性,开展行政组织、行政程序、行政责任等方面更有针对性的立法。