Development of low-alcohol isotonic beer by interrupted fermentation

Alcohol-free beer with isotonic properties is getting more popular and its production can be carried out by different production strategies; however, interrupted fermentation is still a challenge. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a low-alcohol isotonic beer (<0.5% v/v) by interrupted fermentation. Moreover, the major objective is to compare the developed product to commercial beverages (sports drinks, ‘Pilsen' regular beer, alcohol-free beers and low-alcohol isotonic beer). The beverages were evaluated based on pH, alcohol content (% v/v), total titratable acidity (mEq L⁻¹), osmolality (mOsmol kg⁻¹), bitterness International Bitterness Units, colour European Brewery Convention, total phenolic compounds (mg L⁻¹ gallic acid), reducing and total sugars (%) and Na and K contents (mg L⁻¹). The developed low-alcohol isotonic beer presented characteristics similar to sports drinks, with the advantage of being richer in phenolic compounds and suitable osmolality. Despite salts were added in its formulation, the grades attributed to all beers employed in the sensory evaluation, as well as the purchase intention did not present significant differences.     

亲水作用色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源运动食品中3种氨基糖苷类抗生素的残留量

该研究建立了一种亲水交互作用色谱-串联质谱（HILIC-MS/MS）法测定动物源运动食品中潮霉素B、新霉素、安普霉素3种氨基糖苷类抗生素残留量的方法。结果表明，样品经Sielc Obelisc R柱分离，采用0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈梯度洗脱，可以实现3种目标物组分的分离。在此条件下，3种氨基糖苷类抗生素在5～500 ng/mL的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好，相关系数R2为0.999 5～0.999 9，检出限均为15 μg/kg，定量限均为50 μg/kg，保留时间的日间和日内相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为3.5%～7.9%和3.5%～4.1%，峰面积的日间和日内RSD分别为3.6%～7.4%和3.2%～3.9%，加标回收率为85.7%～93.6%，回收率试验结果的RSD为3.1%～5.2%。该方法可以满足动物源运动食品中3种氨基糖苷类抗生素的检测需求。     

运动饮料配方设计概论

运动中，人体生理发生一系列的变化，包括水分损失、血糖／糖原消耗、电解质损失等，导致运动中／后的疲劳和运动能力下降。以运动中人体生理特点为基础，通过讨论运动前／中／后补充水、碳水化合物及电解质的问题，论证了运动饮料配方设计的原理依据。     

对中、美两国高校高水平运动队管理体制的探讨

通过调查和查阅了大量的资料，对中、美两国的高校高水平运动队的管理体制进行了比较，旨在通过学习和借鉴将我国高校的高水平运动队管理体制不断的完善，提供一定的参考。     

关于社区教育的若干思考

20世纪80年代，中国开始了社区教育的实验。本论述了缸区教育的概念和发展历史。指出了社区教育的功能以及社区教育在学习化社会中的作用，提出了社区教育发展的思路。     

The growing public health concern of sports concussion: The new psychology practice frontier.

With youth participation in sports at an all-time high, youths have become more vulnerable to the silent epidemic of concussion. Psychologists should become aware of the alarming frequency of mild concussion and the subtle effects of concussion, which often go unnoticed or result in misdiagnosis. This article provides a basic survey of the research and literature on this topic, a simplified knowledge base for understanding updated assessment and management techniques, and a discussion of the important role psychologists can play in educating the public and their patients. Practitioners can become more aware of this developing practice opportunity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The “Angiogenic Switch” and Functional Resources in Cyclic Sports Athletes

Regular physical activity in cyclic sports can influence the so-called “angiogenic switch”, which is considered as an imbalance between proangiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecules. Disruption of the synthesis of angiogenic molecules can be caused by local changes in tissues under the influence of excessive physical exertion and its consequences, such as chronic oxidative stress and associated hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, sports injuries, etc. A review of publications on signaling pathways that activate and inhibit angiogenesis in skeletal muscles, myocardium, lung, and nervous tissue under the influence of intense physical activity in cyclic sports. Materials: We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Clinical keys, and e-LIBRARY databases for full-text articles published from 2000 to 2020, using keywords and their combinations. Results: An important aspect of adaptation to training loads in cyclic sports is an increase in the number of capillaries in muscle fibers, which improves the metabolism of skeletal muscles and myocardium, as well as nervous and lung tissue. Recent studies have shown that myocardial endothelial cells not only respond to hemodynamic forces and paracrine signals from neighboring cells, but also take an active part in heart remodeling processes, stimulating the growth and contractility of cardiomyocytes or the production of extracellular matrix proteins in myofibroblasts. As myocardial vascularization plays a central role in the transition from adaptive heart hypertrophy to heart failure, further study of the signaling mechanisms involved in the regulation of angiogenesis in the myocardium is important in sports practice. The study of the “angiogenic switch” problem in the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular systems allows us to claim that the formation of new vessels is mediated by a complex interaction of all growth factors. Although the lungs are one of the limiting systems of the body in cyclic sports, their response to high-intensity loads and other environmental stresses is often overlooked. Airway epithelial cells are the predominant source of several growth factors throughout lung organogenesis and appear to be critical for normal alveolarization, rapid alveolar proliferation, and normal vascular development. There are many controversial questions about the role of growth factors in the physiology and pathology of the lungs. The presented review has demonstrated that when doing sports, it is necessary to give a careful consideration to the possible positive and negative effects of growth factors on muscles, myocardium, lung tissue, and brain. Primarily, the “angiogenic switch” is important in aerobic sports (long distance running). Conclusions: Angiogenesis is a physiological process of the formation of new blood capillaries, which play an important role in the functioning of skeletal muscles, myocardium, lung, and nervous tissue in athletes. Violation of the “angiogenic switch” as a balance between proangiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecules can lead to a decrease in the functional resources of the nervous, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems in athletes and, as a consequence, to a decrease in sports performance.     

陕西秦岭山地体育旅游资源特征及开发模式分析＊

体育旅游作为一种新兴的旅游产品,正在慢慢走近人们的生活中。它将体育与旅游结合起来,在满足了人们休闲旅游需求的同时,也锻炼了身体,因此,受到了许多人的青睐。特别是山地体育旅游,它已经成为了广大旅游者的首要选择。在山地体育旅游蓬勃发展的大背景下,着重研究了陕西秦岭的山地体育旅游资源,分析了它的优势,并提出了合理的建议,以促进山地体育旅游的发展。     

“以人为本”理念支撑下高校ASP.NET课程教学体系构建

在新环境下,打破高等教育传统教学模式,建立以人为本的教学模式以适应时代的进步。ASP.NET是微软推出建立动态WEB应用程序的技术,在ASP.NET课程教学中深入以人为本的理念,以学生主体为出发点,展开教学内容安排、教学项目案例设计、教学策略及教学方法、考核方式等方面的研究,构建以人为本的立体化教学体系,供高校或培训机构参考。     

丹东满族地域农村体育活动研究

通过对丹东满族地区农村体育活动的调查得出:有一定规律地进行锻炼的人有35.5%,没有规律性的占64.5%。利用节假日进行体育锻炼人占36.5%,农民参与的满族特色体育项目前五位的分别是:玩嘎拉哈、二贵摔跤、双飞燕、赛威呼、打秋千;丹东满族地区的广大农民对充满地域特色的满族传统体育项目有着浓厚的兴趣;锻炼场所的选择很少;建议加强政府体育资金投入向满族地区倾斜地力度,发展精品满族传统体育项目,开发满族农民的活动空间,深入挖掘满族民间体育项目,使满族传统体育项目不断地传承和发扬下去。