Isotherm analyses for single component and multi-component metal sorption onto lignite

The adsorption of the three metal ions, copper, cadmium and zinc in single component and multi-component mixtures in aqueous solutions by lignite is reported. A comparison is made between the single component saturation uptake and the multi-component uptakes. The isotherms indicate a competitive uptake with copper being preferentially absorbed by the lignite in multi-component solutions. The isotherms are plotted to obtain the Langmuir constants, the Freundlich constants and the Redlich–Peterson constants. Lignite is shown to possess an affinity for the metal ions which make its use as an adsorbent a possible alternative to the use of more expensive activated carbons.     

扎赉诺尔褐煤制取高炉喷吹料和中热值煤气研究 (Ⅰ)煤气、焦油产率及性质

本文是在10kg／h固体热载体干馏实验装置上用扎赉诺尔褐煤制取高炉喷吹料和中热值煤气的研究结果。在干馏温度450℃～650℃范围制得煤气110Nm3/t～400Nm3/t，煤气热值为14．7MJ／Nm3～17．5MJ／Nm3，属中热值煤气。可供民用，也可用于补充钢铁企业燃气不足，平衡能源。得低温焦油2％～9％，可加工成化工产品和燃料油。半焦可用于高炉喷吹。     

Modification of organosulfur compounds and water-soluble coal-derived material by anaerobic microorganisms

The transformation of organosulfur compounds by anaerobic microorganisms may be of interest for coal desulfurization. An anaerobic microbial community indigenous to cyanobacterial mats of a Yellowstone National Park hot spring was assessed for the ability to evolve volatile sulfur compounds from benzyl methyl sulfide, benzyl methyl disulfide, methionine and water-soluble lignite-derived material. The addition of methionine or benzyl methyl disulfide stimulated the production of methanethiol by slurries made with cyanobacterial mat material. Transformation of methionine appeared to be the direct result of microbial activity. However, the evolution of methanethiol from benzyl methyl disulfide appeared to be the indirect result of microbial activity, that is, the cleavage of the disulfide linkage may have resulted from the reduction by microbially produced hydrogen sulfide. Results indicated a transient interaction of hydrogen sulfide and methanethiol with the coal material. In separate studies, sulfate-reducing bacteria were examined for the modification of water-soluble lignite-derived material. As expected, the sulfur content of the soluble material increased under conditions of sulfate respiration. However, when grown fermentatively without the production of sulfide, two of the nine cultures examined reduced the sulfur content of the soluble material. Most of the cells in all the cultures immediately lysed upon the addition of the soluble material. By 2 weeks, cell densities were greater in cultures amended with soluble coal material than in control cultures.     

印尼褐煤快速热解试验研究

为考察神雾快速热解炉的产品产率及产品性质,将神雾蓄热式快速热解工业炉型按一定比例缩小,在实验室自建的快速热解小试试验装置上,考察了热解温度对热解产物产率的影响,并对产物性质进行分析。结果表明,印尼褐煤快速热解最佳反应温度为590℃,印尼褐煤油收率为9.91%,高达格金含油率的95%,快速热解装置油收率较高。与固定床热解煤焦油相比,快速热解煤焦油的密度、黏度、凝点和残炭含量均较低。模拟蒸馏结果表明,快速热解煤焦油中汽油馏分为2%,柴油馏分为44%,重油馏分为54%。印尼褐煤快速热解气中的主要组分是CH4和H2,热值较高。     

矿源黄腐酸的提取工艺研究

以风化煤和褐煤为试验材料,通过酸提法和碱溶酸析法对黄腐酸提取率的对比,筛选出一种比较有价值的黄腐酸提取方法:混酸氧化提取法。其主要工艺为:风化煤或褐煤∶混酸(硫酸∶硝酸=7∶3)∶自来水=1∶0.3∶6,原料煤中首先加入混酸,搅拌均匀,在70℃条件下氧化40 min,然后加入自来水,60℃搅拌反应1 h,离心分离出黄腐酸清液。此法在黄腐酸含量较低的煤中应用较佳。     

Study of Kansk-Atchinsk lignite liquefaction in lower aliphatic alcohols using flow periodical function

The action of lower aliphatic alcohols on lignite conversion to liquid products has been studied using flow periodical function. Ethanol and isopropanol were shown to be most active. The lignite conversion is accompanied by enrichment of the aliphatic fragment, both in the liquid and solid phase. The degree of condensing of the aromatic fragments in liquid increases with the enhancement of lignite conversion and does not depend on the alcohol species. Substitution degree of aromatic fragments and the number average molecular weight of liquids decreases in the order methanol ethanol isopropanol. I.r and ¹H n.m.r. data and elemental analysis have shown that alkylation both of liquid and solid products takes place during lignite liquefaction A linear relation between the quantity of aliphatic fragments in solid and the lignite conversion in ethanol is established.     

褐煤的生物标志物研究

本工作用氯仿抽提札赉诺尔和寻甸褐煤，抽出物的正己烷可溶部分再用氧化铝－硅胶柱色谱分离。饱和烃和芳烃等生物标志物进一步用ＧＣ，ＧＣ－ＭＳ分析其组成特征。检测出正构烷烃，类异戊二烯烃、萜芳烃和三萜芳烃以及一种未见文献报道的三环二萜烯。札煤的芳烃段分以二萜芳烃为主，而寻甸褐煤则以三萜芳烃为主。文中还讨论了寻甸褐煤中五元和六元Ｅ环三萜芳烃的形成过程。     

还原剂种类对高磷鲕状赤铁矿直接还原提铁降磷的影响

以褐煤、烟煤、无烟煤、焦炭为还原剂, 使用直接还原-磨矿-磁选的方法, 对高磷鲕状赤铁矿煤基直接还原提铁降磷过程进行了详细研究。结果表明: 不同温度条件下, 不同还原剂对还原铁的铁品位、铁回收率和磷品位影响趋势相同。在1 150 ℃时, 焦炭对直接还原提铁降磷并没有明显优势, 调节不同煤或者焦炭的用量都可以达到铁品位90%以上, 磷品位0.1%以下, 铁回收率80%以上的指标; 另外煤的变质程度越高, 所需煤用量越少。     

Coal and Lignite Production

Current data on coal and lignite production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.     

Coal and Lignite Production

Current data on coal and lignite production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.