洪水预报调度决策系统在抗击台风中的作用

洪水预报调度决策系统近年来在全国各地得到广泛的应用。简单介绍了洪水预报系统的系统组成及功能,分析了系统在抗击台风过程中的作用与效益,总结了系统多年的运行和维护经验。根据多年的运行经验,系统能及时提供雨、水情数据和高效的调度会商决策,提高防御台风、突发性暴雨等自然灾害的能力。     

浅谈扑救易燃易爆储罐重特大火灾之准备

沿海地区易燃易爆企业发展快，数量多、规模大，给消防工作带来了新的机遇和挑战。如何做好这类企业重特大火灾的扑救准备，从信息资源、基础设施、消防装备、灭火技术、联动机制等方面作了一些探讨。     

Using visual reinforcement to establish stimulus control of responding of Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens).

Stimulus control of ring swimming was studied with male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) using 2-component multiple schedules in which the components were correlated with the presence or absence of air bubbles in the water. In Experiment 1, either response-independent mirror presentations or extinction was juxtaposed with immediate response-dependent mirror presentations. Rates of ring swimming generally were higher with immediate reinforcement than with either response-independent mirror presentations or extinction. In Experiment 2, different durations of response-dependent mirror presentations were juxtaposed. Generally, higher rates of ring swimming occurred with 15-s than with 0-, 1-, or 3-s durations. Results demonstrate that stimulus control of responding can be established with these fish under several conditions of differential reinforcement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

浅谈液化石油气火灾的特点及消防措施

以某煤气公司液化石油气火灾事故为例,详细分析了液化石油气火灾的特点。并针对防火、安全管理、应急预案、扑救措施等问题提出了可借鉴的措施。     

Evaluation of two cooling systems under a firefighter coverall

Firemen often suffer from heat strain. This study investigated two chest cooling systems for use under a firefighting suit. In nine male subjects, a vest with water soaked cooling pads and a vest with water perfused tubes were compared to a control condition. Subjects performed 30 min walking and 10 min recovery in hot conditions, while physiological and perceptual parameters were measured. No differences were observed in heart rate and rectal temperature, but scapular skin temperature and fluid loss were lower using the perfused vest. Thermal sensation was cooler for the perfused vest than for the other conditions, while the cool pad vest felt initially cooler than control. However, comfort and RPE scores were similar. We conclude that the cooling effect of both tested systems, mainly providing a (temporally) cooler thermal sensation, was limited and did not meet the expectations.     

消火栓水枪喷嘴水力计算方法的简化

针对目前消火栓喷嘴水力计算采用试算及图表法所存在的问题,通过对原求解函数的优化拟合,推导出可直接计算的解析式,便于基层设计人员在实际工程设计中应用。对该解析式计算精度的分析表明,在常用参数范围内,最大拟合误差仅为1.49%,满足现行规范要求。     

复杂机动动作最优航迹控制模型及操纵特性分析

为了提高驾驶员对机动动作的控制能力,从驾驶员操纵角度避免机动动作过程中的风险,提出以控制量变化率作为优化参数的机动动作最优航迹控制模型.将机动动作划分为彼此相连的轨迹片段,轨迹片段划分合理,则每个轨迹片段具有相同的控制量变化率,控制量变化率不但能够给出机动动作控制量的输入,更重要的是能够反映机动动作过程中驾驶员操纵的快慢程度.使用小生境稳态遗传算法(niching steady-state genetic algorithm,niching SSGA)对最优航迹控制模型进行求解,求解结果为机动动作最优控制量变化率序列,以该序列对应的控制量作为机动动作的输入,能够实现一个标准的机动动作.仿真实验部分以典型纵向机动动作斤斗及横侧向机动动作桶滚为例进行分析,研究了两类动作的最优控制量变化率序列,并对两类动作的操纵特性进行了分析.     

输入受限空间飞行器大角度机动控制器设计

研究了控制力矩受限时空间飞行器的大角度姿态机动控制问题。为克服大角度机动时使用欧拉角可能产生的奇异问题,文中使用四元数形式的微分方程来描述飞行器的运动。首先运用Lyapunov方法,然后根据能量重置耗散思想,基于非线性脉冲混杂系统的扩展La-Salle不变集原理,设计了混杂脉冲大角度调节器。仿真结果表明:控制算法能在输入力矩有限的条件下较快地实现姿态大角度机动,具有设计简单、易于工程实现的特点。     

星际软着陆机动能力评估方法研究

针对软着陆过程中自主选取安全着陆点的需要,研究了探测器机动能力的评估方法.首先根据软着陆制导律,建立加速度模型积分结果与剩余燃料可生成速度增量之间的数学关系,推导出探测器机动能力的数值计算方法;其次,将软着陆过程中抵消重力作用与位置机动看作两个独立的过程,并假设位置机动过程为理想两脉冲机动,推导出解析的软着陆机动能力表达式;最后,通过数值仿真表明两种分析方法能够得到相近的结果,解析的机动能力分析方法可以实时的对探测器可能着陆区域进行预测,能够为探测器自主的选定着陆点提供重要依据.     

飞翼无人机非线性控制设计方法

为实现飞翼无人机的机动飞行,以带有流体矢量方向舵的飞翼无人机为设计对象,采用非线性设计方法设计了控制器,并进行飞行验证.针对飞翼无人机的机动飞行控制存在各种耦合和扰动的特点,设计内环线性化解耦以消除已知不利的耦合项,外环反步跟踪方法进行航迹跟踪的控制律结构,证明了该控制结构的稳定性.同传统反步控制方法相比,该控制器增加了内环解耦结构,并在控制结构中保留气动阻尼项,使得线性化后的系统为弱非线性系统.该结构不仅可以降低外环控制器设计的保守性,而且便于工程实现.仿真和飞行试验表明,该控制方案是有效的.