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We describe a formal language/notation for DNA molecules that may contain nicks and gaps. The elements of the language, DNA
expressions, denote formal DNA molecules. Different DNA expressions may denote the same formal DNA molecule. We analyse the
shortest DNA expressions denoting a given formal DNA molecule. We determine lower bounds on their lengths and explain how
we construct these minimal DNA expressions. 相似文献
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Mani Azimi Ching-Tsun Chou Akhilesh Kumar Victor W. Lee Phamndra K. Mannava Seungjoon Park 《Formal Methods in System Design》2003,22(2):109-116
In the last three years or so we at Enterprise Platforms Group at Intel Corporation have been applying formal methods to various problems that arose during the process of defining platform architectures for Intel's processor families. In this paper we give an overview of some of the problems we have worked on, the results we have obtained, and the lessons we have learned. The last topic is addressed mainly from the perspective of platform architects. 相似文献
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Narendra Singh Shah & Nirankar Nath 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2006,41(9):1073-1081
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruits are very susceptible to pericarp browning which adversely affects consumer acceptability even though the aril portion remains in excellent condition. Litchi arils (litchis) were treated with a solution containing 0–2% (w/v) calcium lactate (CL), 0–0.02% (w/v) 4‐hexyl resorcinol (4‐HR) and 1% potassium sorbate. The pH of solution was adjusted to 4.0 with citric acid. Treated litchis were packed in polystyrene trays, over‐wrapped with polypropylene film, vacuum‐packed (0, 47409.3, 94831.9 Pa) and stored at 4 ± 2 °C. Drip losses, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), sensory attributes and microbiological quality of stored samples were estimated. A four‐factor, three‐level experimental design (D6 Hokes design) with 19 experiments was chosen. Mathematical models were developed to analyse and predict the effect of CL, 4‐HR, in‐package vacuum and storage time on the responses. TSS, pH and sensory scores decreased significantly (P 0.01), whereas drip losses and microbial count increased significantly (P 0.01) with time. Drip loss was significantly (P 0.1) reduced by addition of CL. 4‐HR prevented browning and changes in colour score during storage were significantly less. Vacuum in packages exerted significant (P 0.01) effect over pH, TSS, sensory and microbiological qualities of minimally processed litchis. 相似文献
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In the present paper,the concepts of deductive element and maximal contraction are introduced in Boolean algebras,and corresponding theories of consistency and maximal contractions are studied.An algorithm principle is proposed to compute all maximal contractions for a consistent set with respect to its refutation in Boolean algebras.It is pointed out that the quotient algebra of the first-order language with respect to its provable equivalence relation constitutes a Boolean algebra,and hence the computation of R-contractions for closed formulas in first-order languages can be converted into the one in Boolean algebras proposed in this paper.Furthermore,the concept of basic element is introduced in Boolean algebras,which contributes to the definitions of clause and Horn clause transplanted from logic to a special type of Boolean algebras generated by basic elements.It is also pointed out that the computation of R-contractions for clauses in the classical propositional logic can be converted into the one in Boolean algebras generated by basic elements proposed in this paper. 相似文献
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Karolina Bukowska-Strakova Joanna Wodek Ewelina Pitera Magdalena Kozakowska Anna Konturek-Ciela Maciej Ciela Monika Goka Witold Nowak Aleksandra Wieczorek Katarzyna Pawiska-Wsikowska Alicja Jzkowicz Maciej Siedlar 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(3)
Whilst the survival rates of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have increased remarkably over the last decades, the therapy resistance and toxicity are still the major causes of treatment failure. It was shown that overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) promotes proliferation and chemoresistance of cancer cells. In humans, the HO-1 gene (HMOX1) expression is modulated by two polymorphisms in the promoter region: (GT)n-length polymorphism and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) A(−413)T, with short GT repeat sequences and 413-A variants linked to an increased HO-1 inducibility. We found that the short alleles are significantly more frequent in ALL patients in comparison to the control group, and that their presence may be associated with a higher risk of treatment failure, reflecting the role of HO-1 in chemoresistance. We also observed that the presence of short alleles may predispose to develop chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. In case of SNP, the 413-T variant co-segregated with short or long alleles, while 413-A almost selectively co-segregated with long alleles, hence it is not possible to determine if SNPs are actually of phenotypic significance. Our results suggest that HO-1 can be a potential target to overcome the treatment failure in ALL patients. 相似文献
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针对一类干扰有界的输入和状态受约束线性离散系统,提出了一种基于鲁棒一步集的Tube不 变集鲁棒模型预测控制方法.首先采用多面体不变集离线设计方法得到基于多面体不变集序列的扩 展终端约束集;然后为了扩大鲁棒模型预测控制的初始状态允许区域,并提高系统的鲁棒性,在扩展终端约束集的基础上,通过引入鲁棒一步集并借助Tube不变集控制策略,设计了基于鲁棒一步集的鲁棒模型预测控制方法,并给出了算法的存在性和稳定性证明. 该方法不仅极大地扩大了初始状态允许区域,而且对有界干扰具有有效的抑制作用,使得受扰系统收敛到以原点为中心的最小鲁棒正不变集内.最后仿真验证了算法的有效性. 相似文献
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n维的立方体将生成2n个聚集立方体.如何进行立方体计算,在存储空间和查询时间方面寻求平衡,成为多维分析应用中的关键问题.基于部分物化的策略,并结合水利普查数据特征,改进Minimal cubing方法,提出了层次维编码片段方法HDEF cubing.该方法利用编码长度较小的层次维编码及其前缀,快速检索出与查询关键字相匹配的层次维编码,减少了多表连接操作,从而提高查询效率.以水利普查数据为例,验证了改进的立方体计算方法能高效地对立方体进行存储和查询,适用于水利普查成果分析. 相似文献
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本文针对客观实际中不同决策者在已有条件下自我需求实现问题,根据"自报公议"原则,将多目标优化问题转化成含有权系数变量的一个新单目标优化问题.利用组合同伦内点法来求解单目标问题,通过路径跟踪得到多目标优化问题的最小弱有效解,从而实现"公议",达到相对最佳目的,并证明了该方法是整体收敛的. 相似文献