Iodine from brown algae in human nutrition,with an emphasis on bioaccessibility,bioavailability, chemistry,and effects of processing: A systematic review

Brown algae are becoming increasingly popular as a food source and dietary supplement in Europe and other Western countries. As they are highly rich in iodine, they represent a potential new dietary iodine source. Iodine deficiency has been re-emerging in Europe, and it is important to ensure adequate intake through one's diet. However, macroalgae, and especially brown algae, may contain very high amounts of iodine, and both iodine deficiency and excessive iodine may increase the risk of negative health effects. The iodine content of algae or foods containing algae is currently not regulated in the European Union. The aim of this paper is to review the literature to determine the chemical species of iodine in brown algae, the loss of iodine during processing, and the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of iodine. A systematic search of the literature was performed in April 2021, via the databases Web of Science and PubMed. The review includes studies of iodine in brown macroalgae in relation to bioavailability, bioaccessibility, processing and speciation. A meta-analysis was conducted in relation to the following topics: (i) the correlation between total iodine and iodide (I^–) content in brown algae; (ii) the correlation between the loss of iodine during processing and the I^– content; and (iii) the correlation between bioavailability and the I^– content. The bioavailability of iodine from brown algae was generally high, with in vivo bioavailability ranging from 31% to 90%. The in vitro bioavailability of iodine (2%–28%) was systematically lower than in vivo bioavailability (31%–90%), indicating an inadequate in vitro methodology. Processing may reduce the iodine content of brown algae, and a higher I^– content was positively correlated with increased iodine loss during processing. Although processing strategies may reduce the iodine content of brown algae significantly, the iodine content may still be high after processing. These findings may be used in food safety evaluations of brown algae as well as in the development of macroalgae-containing foods with iodine contents suitable for human consumption. Further research on processing techniques to reduce the iodine content in brown macroalgae are warranted.     

A red code triggers an unintended approach motivation toward sweet ultra-processed foods: Possible implications for front-of-pack labels

Front-of-package labels (FOPL) are recommended to reduce consumer intake of ultra-processed food products (UPP). The multiple traffic-light label is one example of FOPL that indicates the content of target nutrients in products by displaying red (high), amber (medium), and/or green (low) color-coding. The red code may implicitly enhance sweetness perception and approach dispositions toward sweet UPP via cross-modal visual-taste interactions. We conducted two experiments to examine the possibility of contradictory influence of explicitly learned and implicit cross-modal associations on the emotional responses evoked by UPP pictures. In both experiments, we first explicitly associated the color codes with health-related meanings. In Experiment I (n = 78), a psychometric tool estimated the emotional responses (pleasantness and arousal ratings) evoked by UPP pictures when preceded by red, amber, or green color-codes. In Experiment II (n = 24), we recorded participants’ electrocortical brain activity to assess the early posterior negativity (EPN) component as an index of the emotional responses to UPP. The reported pleasantness (Experiment I) and the EPN amplitude (Experiment II) were greater for sweet UPP relative to salty UPP when primed with red codes but not when primed with green or amber. A red code increased positive emotions toward sweet UPP despite its explicit association with increased health-risks. Thus, the use of multiple traffic-lights might lead to an unintended implicit approach behavior toward sweet UPP. Designers, researchers, and policy makers may consider color-taste cross-modal associations when designing, testing, and applying FOPL.     

豫西雷门沟钼矿水文地质条件分析及涌水量预测

豫西熊耳山雷门沟钼矿床位于东秦岭多金属成矿带东段,是已探明的超大型斑岩型钼矿,前人研究程度高、地质成果丰硕,但对矿床开采技术条件方面研究较少。本次通过地质调查工程、水文地质试验等方法,从水文地质角度,对雷门沟钼矿床水文地质条件进行研究,填补了该方面的空白,丰富了研究成果；采用水文地质比拟法预测未来矿坑最大排水量2613 m³/d,经实践检验结果较为可靠；总结的采坑排水量预测方法、含水层特点、矿床充水因素以及防治水措施,以期对该区域水文地质工作具有参考价值。     

标识化语言的发展及在电子物流中的应用

重点阐述了XML技术的发展和对EDI技术的有效补充与改进，并展望基于XML技术的电子商务物流数据交换技术的发展前景。     

校园文化与大学发展

校园文化看不见、摸不着，却支撑着大学的脊梁，它潜移默化影响和造就一所大学的文化品格。它不仅对大学发展起着重要作用，也是大学发展的重要内容，是大学建设的题中应有之义。为此，需要建设民主和谐，具有学术自由、人文精神和创新精神的校园文化，并将它提高到学校战略发展的高度来看，以校园文化整合学校发展战略。     

Screening of South African Food Plants for Antioxidant Activity

ABSTRACT: In a screening of South African indigenous food plants for antioxidant activity by testing for inhibition of lipid peroxidation, the "potherbs" Amaranthus sp., Sisymbrium thellungii , and Urtica dioica had very high activity. This activity was greatest in the boiled extract of Amaranthus sp. and the boilet and aqueous extracts of Sisymbrium thellungii and Urtica dioica. The activity in the aqueous extract of Nasturtium aquatica was lost by boiling. High activity was also obtained with the teas Galium aparine and Aspalathus linearis (Rooibos) and with the tuber Colocasia esculenta.     

珠江口盆地(西部)早第三纪古环境分析

珠江口盆地(西部)早第三纪的古环境变迁与盆地的形成及演化紧密相关。早第三纪盆地演化经历了4个阶段。第一阶段,盆地早期拉张,以粗粒沉积物沉积为主,部分地域发育小湖盆。第二阶段,盆地稳定下沉,是富营养性湖泊的鼎盛期,形成优质湖相烃源岩。第三阶段,湖盆萎缩,煤系沼泽发育,形成湖相和煤系两类重要烃源岩。第四阶段,古湖泊消亡,海水漫进,滨浅海砂岩体发育,形成油气勘探的有利目的层。     

Political orientation and modern versus aversive racism: Tests of Dovidio and Gaertner's (1998) integrated model.

According to J. F. Dovidio and S. L. Gaertner's (1998) integrated model of racism, politically liberal European Americans tend to express racism differently than conservative European Americans, with liberals demonstrating aversive racism and conservatives, symbolic or modern racism. In support of the model, in Experiment 1 liberals showed bias in favor of a twice-prosecuted African American relative to a European American in their judgment of double jeopardy, whereas conservatives did the reverse. Experiment 2 replicated these effects while eliminating a confound in the design of Experiment 1. Experiment 3 found evidence for the intrapsychic conflict hypothesized to underlie aversive racism. Specifically, only liberals displayed greater physiological arousal to the touch of an African American versus a European American experimenter. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

浅谈前海物流园规划构想

探讨了深圳前海物流园区的地理条件及发展的重要因素，针对其存在的交通设施不足，管理不到位等问题进行了分析，并结合功能定位从用地规模、功能布局等方面提出了规划设计构想。     

现代职业套装设计风格与发展趋势分析

从职业套装概念内涵和类别特征入手，分别阐述了现代男性职业套装和女性职业套装的主要设计风格。在对设计风格论述的基础之上对影响职业套装发展的因素进行了分析，并且归纳和总结出职业套装多样化、个性化、轻松化、时装化和品牌化的发展趋势。