Synthesis,Characterization and Luminescent Properties of Complexes of Rare Earth Nitrates with Tris{2-[N-(pyridine-methanoyl)amino]ethyl} amine

Duringthelastdecade ,thedesignandsynthesisoftripodalligandsandtheirmetalcomplexeshaveattractedconsiderableattentionduetotheirpotentialusesaslumi nescentprobesinmedicineandbiochemistry[1～ 7] ,ascatalysts[8] andelectrochemicalmaterials[9] .However ,thecomplexesofrareearthmetalwithtripodalligandshavefewreported[10 ] .Asanextensionofourstudiesoncomplexesofmetalwithtripodalligands ,anewtripodalligand (tris { 2 [N (pyridine methanoyl)amino]ethyl}amine ,L)anditscomplexeswithrareearthnitratesweresyn…     

Long Term Change in Level-Volume Relation of an Accountability Tank for Plutonium Nitrate Solution

A slight change in the level-volume relation for an accountability tank for a large amount of plutonium nitrate solution (PuN) was observed at the Plutonium Conversion Development Facility (PCDF) in the Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corp. (PNC), Tokai Works. From the results of annual tank re-calibrations for the plutonium receiving tank from 1985 to 1992 using the incremental feed of nitric acid as the density standard, it became clear that the relation between the level and the volume changed slightly, and the rate of the change was a linear function of operating time. Also it became clear that the change was linear in relation to the level. In the PCDF, the cumulative change in the volume at the nominal level was evaluated to be 0.1% during 8 years' operation. It was also evaluated that the repeatability of the re-calibration is much better than 0.1%. A reasonable frequency of tank re-calibration is once every 5 years.     

Changes in glycoalkaloid and nitrate content in potatoes during dehydrated dice processing

The aim of this experiment was the determination of glycoalkaloid and nitrate content in potatoes during stages of processing into dry potato dice.Samples obtained from the tubers of three potato varieties were used: a very early Denar variety of Polish origin; Innovator, an early Dutch variety; and a Polish medium early Pasat variety. There were sampled three times from the factory store in 2009 and 2010. The potatoes were diced in laboratory conditions, by first peeling with a carborundum peeler, dicing into 10 × 10 × 10 mm pieces and rinsing with water at a temperature of 20 °C. In the next stages, the diced potatoes were blanched in water at a temperature of 75 °C for 5 min then dried in a laboratory drier for 1 h at 120 °C. After 1 h of drying, the temperature was lowered to 55-60 °C in order to obtain a defined final moisture content of 8-11%.In the raw material, intermediates and finished products, the concentrations of glycoalkaloids (α-chaconine and α-solanine) were determined using an HPLC method, and nitrates were determined colorimetrically using an RQflex analyser.It was found that the processes used in dried potato dice production significantly decreased concentrations of glycoalkaloids (α-chaconine and α-solanine) in intermediate and finished products when compared to raw material. The highest decrease in the quantity of glycoalkaloids occurred during peeling (33%) and after blanching (17%) of peeled potato. Nitrate content fell the most after cutting and rinsing with water (13%), and after blanching (23%). On average, dry potato dice contained 44% of the initial quantity of glycoalkaloids and 40% nitrate content in the final dried product.     

稀土硝酸盐在非水溶剂中的电导率研究

研究了不同温度下3种稀土硝酸盐:Ce(NO3)3、La(NO3)3、Y(NO3)3在非水溶剂中(无水乙醇、丙酮、DMF)的电导性质,并利用公式求得25 ℃时Ce(NO3)3、La(NO3)3、Y(NO3)3的摩尔电导率.并讨论了它们的电导率随温度和浓度的变化关系以及溶剂对电导率的影响.相同温度下,稀土硝酸盐的电导率随浓度的增大而增大;相同浓度下,稀土硝酸盐的电导率随温度的升高而增大.     

Detection of frozen salt in pipes using gamma-ray spectrometry of potassium self-activity

Solar plants that use molten salts as heat transfer fluid need careful control to avoid the freezing of the salt in the pipes; if such a problem occurs, a diagnostic instrument to localize where is the frozen salt plug and to determine its length is useful. If the salt contains potassium (as is the case of the most common mixture used in solar plants, NaNO₃/KNO₃ 60/40% by weight), the gamma decay of the natural unstable isotope ⁴⁰K can be exploited to detect the frozen salt in a non-invasive way. Simulations and experimental results regarding the detectability of such plugs with different masses/lengths are presented.     

Oxalylhydrazinium Nitrate and Dinitrate—Efficiency Meets Performance

Oxalylhydrazinium nitrate (OHN) and dinitrate (OHDN) were synthesized by protonation of oxalyldihydrazide with nitric acid. The synthesis is extremely cost effective (～$40/kg at the lab scale) and can be carried out in large scales and very good yields. OHN and OHDN were intensively characterized by low-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and vibrational spectroscopy. These new organic nitrate salts could be used as powerful ingredients in energetic formulations due to their low sensitivities (measured by Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und Pröfung methods). Their thermal stability was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. Further thermal studies of OHN showed compatibility with TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), DNAN (2,4-dinitroanisole), and RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane). The theoretical detonation and propulsion parameters of OHN and OHDN were calculated with the EXPLO5.5 code and compared to well-known insensitive explosives. The aquatic toxicity of OHN was determined by the luminescent bacteria inhibition test, yielding a much lower toxicity than RDX.     

Nitrate Pollution on the Island of Jersey

Abstract

This paper reviews the processes by which groundwater and surface water flows are polluted by nitrates on the Island of Jersey in the English Channel. It is shown that the primary cause of such pollution is the use of nitrate fertilizers by the Island's farmers. The activities of the major government institutions involved in reducing nitrate pollution are described and the costs of such management are assessed. The instruments deployed are regulatory, infrastructural, and educational; in contrast, economic instruments have not been deployed. The article then moves on to consider the benefits of pollution reduction in respect of enhanced environmental quality and improved human health. In conclusion, it is suggested that the standard for the nitrate content of drinking water, based on European Community legislation of 1980, was set at a level for which no human health benefits have been demonstrated but at substantial costs to the citizens of Jersey. This “cost without benefit” hypothesis is applicable to many other countries with respect to nitrate pollution management.     

Synthesis of 2‐[18F]Fluoro‐2‐deoxyisosorbide 5‐mononitrate and Assessment of Its in vivo Biodistribution as Determined by Dynamic Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Herein we disclose the synthesis of 2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyisosorbide 5‐mononitrate (2F‐IS‐5MN), a fluorinated analogue of the commonly prescribed vasodilator isosorbide 5‐mononitrate (IS‐5MN). X‐ray structural data for IS‐5MN and its C2‐epimeric congener IM‐5MN are presented together with structural data for 2F‐IS‐5MN. Radioisotope labeling of 2F‐IS‐5MN has, for the first time, allowed observation of the in vivo biodistribution of this organic nitrate by means of dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) in wild‐type mice.     

Quality of plant products from organic agriculture

During the last decade, consumers' trust in food quality has decreased drastically, mainly because of growing ecological awareness and several food scandals (e.g. BSE, dioxins, bacterial contamination). It has been found that intensive conventional agriculture can introduce contaminants into the food chain. Consumers have started to look for safer and better controlled foods produced in more environmentally friendly, authentic and local systems. Organically produced foods are widely believed to satisfy the above demands, leading to lower environmental impacts and higher nutritive values. So far, studies have partly confirmed this opinion. Organic crops contain fewer nitrates, nitrites and pesticide residues but, as a rule, more dry matter, vitamin C, phenolic compounds, essential amino acids and total sugars than conventional crops. Organic crops also contain statistically more mineral compounds and usually have better sensory and long‐term storage qualities. However, there are also some negatives: plants cultivated in organic systems generally have 20% lower yields than conventionally produced crops. Several important problems need to be addressed in the coming years: environmental, bacterial and fungal contamination of organic crops and, the most essential issue, the impact of organic food consumption on animal and human health. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

杂质氯离子对新型四元硝酸盐腐蚀性的影响

为了探究低氯离子含量（0.01%~0.05%,质量分数）对熔盐与金属材料腐蚀过程的影响,该文采用失重法研究316L不锈钢与氯离子质量分数为0.01%、0.03%、0.05%的混合硝酸盐的腐蚀行为。结果发现,在经过360 h的腐蚀实验后,316L不锈钢在氯离子质量分数为0.03%的熔盐中具有最小的失重量,其为0.4381 mg/cm²。采用SEM、EDS、XRD等方法对316L不锈钢表面形貌进行分析,结果表明,在添加氯离子后不锈钢的腐蚀产物中出现Ca（OH）₂,在Ca（OH）₂的形成过程会消耗氢氧根离子,从而降低了不锈钢失重量。