滇西景星组双壳类动物群的固有属性

滇西景星双壳类是以Ｐｅｇｒｉｎｏｃｏｎｃｈａ－Ｓｉｎｏｎａｉａ－Ｋｏｒｅａｎａｉａ－Ｅｏｎｉｐｐｏｎｏｎａｉａ－Ｐｌｉｃａｔｏｕｎｉｏ为代表的地方性动物群，属非海生类三角蚌类系统演化的早白垩世产物，景星组属于亚洲地方性的非海相三分白垩系的下白垩统，可与滇中的高峰寺组－普昌河组，青海南部的雁石坪群上段（扎窝茸组）和藏东的多尼组对比，该组双壳类曾被误认为晚株罗世海生物群，是因为Ｓｉｎｏｎａｉａ和Ｅｏｎ     

Longitudinal Plankton Dynamics in the Rivers Rhine and Elbe

We compared the longitudinal plankton development in the two large rivers Rhine and Elbe by means of four Lagrangian sampling campaigns performed within the time span 2009–2011. The campaigns revealed low chlorophyll concentrations in the Rhine along a long river stretch (Rhine‐km 170 to 854) with maximum values below 5 µg L^?1 in 2010. In contrast, the Elbe (Elbe‐km 4 to 582) showed high and longitudinally increasing chlorophyll concentrations with maximal values of 174 µg L^?1 in 2009 and 123 µg L^?1 in 2011. Additional samples of the benthic bivalves along the river stretches revealed high densities of the filter feeders in the Rhine that could potentially explain losses of plankton production. Their densities in the Elbe were significantly lower, making important losses to benthic filter feeders unlikely. However, strong phytoplankton growth was observed during the sampling campaign in 2011 in the Rhine coinciding with a low discharge event. This resulted in an exceptionally high chlorophyll value of up to 244 µg L^?1 in the lower river sections, a value that was not reached in the last two decades of continuous water quality monitoring in the Rhine. Even though we cannot fully explain this phenomenon, it shows that phytoplankton has a high growth potential in the Rhine but is usually controlled by other mechanisms. Tributaries represented an additional and important source of plankton biomass and suspended substances in the Rhine, whereas they primarily diluted the plankton concentrations in the Elbe. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

珠江口盆地陆相烃源岩与油气生成

在珠江口盆地,早第三纪盆地张裂Ⅱ期是古湖泊鼎盛发育期,该期形成的湖相烃源岩是盆地的主力油源岩,经油源对比研究,已找到的储量可观的正常原油主要来源于该油源岩.张裂Ⅲ期是古湖泊的萎缩期,形成了广泛分布的煤系烃源岩,以该源岩为烃源的油气田相继被发现,证实该烃源岩是盆地的主要气源岩和重要的油源岩.这两套烃源岩生成油气的潜力巨大,由此揭示,珠江口盆地具有十分良好的油气勘探远景.     

基于灰色模糊理论的页岩气储层评价——以重庆南川地区龙马溪组页岩为例

页岩储层具有影响因素多、孔渗关系复杂、非均质性强、评价难度大等特征,为了确定页岩气储层评价参数权重的大小,以重庆南川地区龙马溪组页岩为例,运用灰色关联分析法与模糊综合评判法对页岩储层进行评价。结果显示：总有机碳含量（TOC）、镜质体反射率（Ro）、有效厚度、孔隙度、脆性矿物含量和渗透率均是影响该区页岩储层质量的主要因素,其权重分别为 0.257 9,0.133 1,0.119 1,0.149 6,0.139 2和 0.201 1。通过对各参数进行模糊数学计算得到页岩储层的综合评价因子为 0.41～0.93,并以此为依据预测了南川地区龙马溪组页岩气储层的分布规律。     

关于中国油气资源可持续发展的思考(一)

新中国成立以前我国只有玉门、独山子和延长3个小油矿,国际上流传着“中国贫油”的理论。新中国成立以后,在陆相生油等新理论指导下发现了大庆油田,在源控论指导下发现了大港、胜利、辽河、华北等一系列油区;复式油气聚集理论使渤海湾盆地油田不断扩大,使中国成为世界第5大产油国;北方侏罗系及煤成烃等天然气生成新理论又使我国天然气资源大幅度增长。油气勘探实践发现中国含油气盆地有着与众不同的地球动力场,由此导出了不少新的石油地质理论。回首往事,油气资源的发展源于新的石油地质理论;前瞻未来,中国油气资源的持续发展更加需要新的石油地质理论。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定双壳类水产品中亲脂性贝类毒素

目的建立超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry,HPLC-TQ-MS/MS)方法检测双壳类水产中的亲脂性贝类毒素(lipophilicphycotoxins,LPs)。方法样品采用80%甲醇水溶液进行提取,上清液经strata-x柱净化,将洗脱液氮吹至干定容后上机测定。选用Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C_(18)(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,以10mmol/L甲酸铵-0.1%甲酸水和乙腈(含0.1%甲酸)为流动相,采用梯度洗脱进行分离。多重态反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)方式检测。结果 LPs的线性范围为5.0~200 ng/mL,检出限为5.0~6.0μg/kg,回收率在45.8%~86.3%之间。结论本方法提取效果较好、基质效应小,适用于双壳类水产中亲脂性贝类毒素的痕量检测。     

海拉尔盆地早白垩世沟鞭藻类和疑源类的发现及其意义

本文描述了海拉尔盆地早白垩世沟鞭藻新属种,共2属8种,其中1新属、3新亚属,8新种。建立4个沟鞭藻组合带,探讨了含藻类化石层位的沉积环境,并据藻类化石的兴衰更替,推测了盆地最有利的生油环境。     

Shell valve movement response of dark false mussel, Mytilopsis leucophaeta, to chlorination

Shell valve movements of fouling mussel, Mytilopsis leucophaeta, have been studied in the presence of chlorine, using a mussel monitor. Data showed increasing shell valve closure with increasing chlorine concentration. Shell opening rates of M. leucophaeta at control experiments (0 mg litre⁻¹ residual chlorine) were about 10 times more than those at 1 mg litre⁻¹ residual chlorine. Continuous dosing of 0.75 mg litre⁻¹ residual chlorine is required before shell movements are critically affected. Since current environmental stipulations do not permit this, a level of 0.5 mg litre⁻¹ has to be used continuously during settlement periods of M. leucophaeta for their control. The results also indicate that M. leucophaeta is more tolerant to chlorine than other mussel species.     

Study of some marine bivalves as the biomonitor candidates for environmental assessment of the Jiaozhou Bay by NAA and AAS

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｃｔｏｆｔｈｅＪｉａｏｚｈｏｕＢａｙｉｎｔｈｅｅａｓｔｅｒｎＣｈｉｎａｉｓａｎｅｘａｍｐｌｅｏｆｈｉｇｈｌｙａｎｔｈｒｏｐｏｇｅｎｉｃｒｅｓｕｌｔｅｄｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｗｈｉｃｈｍｅｒｇｅｓ...     

四川盆地中北部下—中侏罗统主要目的层沉积相与地震沉积学

四川盆地中北部油气主要勘探目的层包括下侏罗统自流井组大安寨段、中侏罗统凉高山组和下沙溪庙组,沉积相属于河流—三角洲相和湖相。根据岩心和录井资料,应用沉积地质学理论确定了三角洲的以下几种微相:砂质辫状河、大分流河道、小分流河道、河口坝、三角洲前缘波浪带、沿岸沙坝、前三角洲等。侏罗纪湖泊为有出水口的开放型淡水湖,利用地震沉积学原理预测了由沿岸泥坪、滨线、介屑(壳)滩、沿岸带(沙坝)到远滨席状砂、开阔湖透光带等9种微相。应用比较沉积学原理和工作方法,参照云南滇池和洱海现代瓣腮类珠蚌、无齿蚌的生态,分析了侏罗纪瓣腮类(珠蚌、假铰蚌)的生态。瓣腮类以藻类为食,而藻类则附生于沉水植物上。湖水深度(制约水的透光度)和底质是制约水草生长的因素,因而制约瓣腮类分布。估计了大安寨期瓣腮类生活的水深。应用地震沉积学工作方法,发现大安寨期的介壳滩被断层活动引起的沟槽、水道划分成多个独立单元,而所作出的凉高山期三角洲与由现代实例得出的经典模式不谋而合,证明研究成果可信度高,可据此准确地预测地下储层分布。