Low concentration short time ozonation of rapeseed seeds reduces the stability of the oil and content of some antioxidant components

Ozonation is an innovative way to preserve high quality of seed during storage and it is an alternative to harmful organophosphorus agents. Disclosure of changes in the rapeseed oil under the influence of oxidative action of ozone on the seeds was the aim of the work and is presented for the first time. Two ozone concentrations and different length of ozonation were applied. The changes in tocopherols, phenolics, flavonoids contents, antiradical activity and oxidative stability were examined. The average vitamin E concentration was 33 mg per 100 g of oil before and 31.7 after ozonation of seeds. The average content of phenolic compounds was 14.3 mg of sinapic acid g⁻¹ and 16.9 after the ozone treatment. Changes in the flavonoids content and antioxidant activity were observed too. Ozonation caused a decrease in the vitamin E concentration which resulted also in reducing the quenching of free radicals and reduction of oil induction time.     

Comparison between photocatalytic ozonation and other oxidation processes for the removal of phenols from water

Photocatalytic ozonation (1O₃ + VUV + TiO₂), ozonation (O₃), catalytic ozonation (O₃ + TiO₂), ozone photolysis (O₃ + VUV), photocatalysis (TiO₂ + VUV) and photolysis (VUV) have been compared in terms of formation of intermediates, extent of, mineralization (TOC, COD, chloride, nitrate) and kinetics in the aqueous treatment of three phenols (phenol, p‐chlorophenol and p‐nitrophenol). In all cases, photocatalytic ozonation led to lower degradation times for chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon removal. Intermediates formed were similar in the different oxidation systems with some exceptions. They can be classified into three different types: polyphenols (resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone), unsaturated carboxylic acids (maleic and fumaric acids) and saturated carboxylic acids (glyoxylic, formic and oxalic acids). First order kinetic equations have been checked for the oxidation processes studied in the case of the parent compound. Rate constants of these systems have also been calculated. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

The greenhouse effect; Impact upon and the role to be played by construction

The authors highlight several possible ways in which the construction industry could lower present emissions of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide. It is an excellent discussion document and is recommended reading.     

臭氧法水处理在空调冷却水系统中的应用

探讨了臭氧法杀菌灭藻，缓蚀，阻垢的机理，认为臭氧法可用于空调冷却水处理，并给出在工程设计中的应用方法。     

浅析中央空调系统替代制冷剂的选择

根据大气臭氧层耗损和温室气体对全球气候变化的影响，分析了中央空调系统几种替代制冷剂的特性，探讨了在实际使用中如何进行替代制冷剂的选择。     

臭氧在食品加工用水处理工程上的应用

本文叙述了臭氧的一些特性 ,并以烟台某食品加工公司食品加工用水处理工程为例 ,介绍了臭氧的产生及应用情况 ,提供了处理前后水中各项指标的对照     

Exergy losses in refrigerating systems. A study for performance comparisons in compressor and condenser

A study is carried out to describe irreversibilities in one stage refrigerating process for vapour compression cycle with refrigerant mixtures R-404A, R-410A, R-410B and R-507 as working fluids. They are calculated as exergy losses by an algorithm developed on the basis of thermodynamics. The proposed relationships have been derived from exergy balances on the system components. Emphasis is placed on parameters influencing the losses and the related results are presented through Grassmann diagrams (diagrams of exergy fluxes). Furthermore, detailed information on the variation of cycle's exergy efficiency with evaporating and condensing temperatures is given. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

肺动脉高压孤儿药Selexipag合成工艺的优化

首先,以二苯基乙二酮和2-氨基乙酰胺为原料,通过环合反应和羟基氯代合成了5,6-二苯基吡嗪-2-醇（Ⅰ） 和5-氯-2,3-二苯基吡嗪（Ⅱ）。其次,化合物?Ⅱ?与4-异丙氨基丁醇反应得到4-［（5,6-二苯基-2-基）（异丙基）氨基］-1-丁醇（Ⅲ）。然后,化合物?Ⅲ?和溴乙酸甲酯发生Willianmson反应得到2-｛4-［N-（5,6-二苯基吡嗪-2-基）-N-异丙基氨基］丁氧基｝乙酸甲酯（Ⅳ）。最后,Ⅳ与甲基磺酰胺在叔丁醇钠作用下缩合得到目标产物Selexipag。对各步反应进行了优化,羟基氯代反应条件为: n （Ⅰ）∶n （POCl3）=1.0∶1.7,120?℃反应4 h。胺基化条件为: n （4-异丙氨基丁醇）∶n （Ⅱ）=4.0∶1.0,170?℃反应68?h。Willianmson反应条件为: n （Ⅲ）∶n （溴乙酸甲酯）∶n （四丁基溴化铵）∶n（氢氧化钠）=1.0∶1.0∶0.1∶15.0,甲苯为溶剂,80?℃反应5?h。酰胺化反应条件为: n （Ⅳ）∶n （甲基磺酰胺）∶n （叔丁醇钠）=1.05∶1.0∶1.5,室温反应2 h。优化工艺总收率达到74.5%,且反应条件温和,分离方法简单,适合工业化生产。     

在空气中杀菌灯产生臭氧及其催化分解的研究

用流动型反应装置,对8W杀菌灯(主波长λ=253.7nm)辐照空气时产生的臭氧进行了研究.发现在一定条件下当空气与杀菌灯接触大约7s时,就有超出0.33μg/L的臭氧产生.随着空气流速的减小,产生的臭氧的量随之变大.采用臭氧分解催化剂对臭氧的消除进行了研究,当体积空速小于1.1×105h-1时,臭氧可以降解到安全范围.     

臭氧氧化处理法对聚丙烯表面涂装性的改良 Ⅱ.臭氧浓度及臭氧发生气组成对聚丙烯表面氧化过程的影响

讨论了用臭氧氧化法对聚丙烯表面进行涂装性改良时,臭氧浓度和臭氧发生气组成对聚丙烯表面氧化过程的影响。我们发现,随臭氧浓度的增加,各种聚丙烯表面上COOH基的生成速率变大,而OH基的生成速率变小,且表面上COOH基和OH基的生成比变大。在相同的臭氧浓度下,COOH基的生成速率和聚丙烯种类无关,各种聚丙烯表面上COOH的生成速率大体相等。而OH基的生成速率及COOH基、OH基生成比和聚丙烯的种类有关,就COOH基和OH基生成比而言,其大小顺序为均聚物>嵌段共聚物>无规共聚物。臭氧发生气组成对聚丙烯表面氧化过程有很大的影响。和臭氧发生气为空气时的情况相比,当臭氧发生气为氧气时,即使其体系中臭氧浓度的变化很小,也会引起较大的表面氧吸收量或表面氧化分解量的变化。