配置抗冲切钢筋的混凝土异形柱-板柱连接试验研究

在9个柱截面为三种典型异形柱(十字形、T形和L形) -板柱连接未配置抗冲切钢筋时的冲切特性试验基础上,以十字形柱-板柱连接为代表,通过三个配置抗冲切钢筋试件与三个未配抗冲切钢筋试件的对比试验,研究了异形柱-板柱连接配置抗冲切钢筋后的冲切特性,同时将锚栓和箍筋的抗冲切性能进行了对比。试验结果表明,抗冲切钢筋可以有效地提高板的受冲切承载力和延性,在改善延性方面,锚栓比箍筋更有效。另外,将国外几个主要规范ACI3 18、BS8110及MC90 ,关于对非矩形荷载面冲切临界截面周长的规定进行了比较,从试验结果看,ACI3 18规范的取法更合理。     

Upscaling hydraulic conductivity: theory and examples from geohydrological studies

This paper presents an overview of the theory of upscaling hydraulic conductivity and describes two case studies in which some of this theory has been applied. The representative hydraulic conductivity of a numerical model block (block conductivity for short) is defined in terms of smaller scale hydraulic conductivities. Also, using elementary examples, some general properties of block conductivities are given. Analytical solutions for the block conductivity are presented that were derived by various authors for uniform flow conditions both in a deterministic and in a stochastic setting. Some results of the hydraulic upscaling theory are illustrated by two case studies from the Netherlands. The first case study deals with deriving the representative hydraulic conductivity tensor of a clay layer. Upscaling results are compared with traditional harmonic averaging. In the second case study the upscaling is used to derive the three-dimensional distribution of block conductivities for a numerical groundwater model of a confining layer of complex deposits. Here stochastic upscaling is used together with a geostatistical simulation approach. The simulated block conductivities are used in a numerical groundwater model and results are compared with pumping tests. When the upscaling is ignored groundwater flow through the deposits is predicted wrongly.     

型钢再生混凝土梁的抗弯性能试验研究

为了充分了解型钢再生混凝土梁的破坏特征,对4组型钢再生混凝土梁进行抗弯静载试验,了解型钢再生混凝土梁从开始加载直至破坏各个阶段的受力特点和变形特征,分析不同粗骨料取代率和钢筋配箍率对其受力性能的影响。研究表明,取代率不同对型钢再生混凝土梁的极限承载力的影响甚微,配箍率对型钢混凝土梁的裂缝间距及裂缝发展有一定影响,型钢再生混凝土梁截面基本符合平截面假定。     

真实水压力下砂岩强度及破坏形式的试验研究

岩石在高水压条件下的强度和变形破坏方式对深埋、高水压下隧洞及地下开采极为重要。采用MTS和“YSL-200”对砂岩进行了常规单轴试验和不同压力水环境中的压缩试验,分析了真实水压力对饱和砂岩的抗压强度和破坏形式的影响,并探讨了孔隙水压力与水围压力对岩石强度的作用。试验结果表明：饱和砂岩在真实水压力环境中呈现“X型”剪切破坏,水压力在岩石进入裂纹扩展区时加速岩石破坏的作用效果明显;压力水可以通过扩展的裂纹渗入到岩石内部,增大岩石的含水率,影响岩石内部的孔隙水压力;当水压力较低时,水围压作用大于孔隙水压力作用,水压力对岩石的强度为增强效应,当水压力较高时,孔隙水压力作用与水围压作用抵消,岩石强度与饱和单轴抗压强度相近     

不同围压下茅口灰岩渐进性破坏的试验研究

利用MTS815电液伺服控制刚性试验机进行不同围压下茅口灰岩三轴压缩试验,通过计算绘得相应裂隙体积应变图,分析得出裂纹起始应力、裂纹破坏应力。结果表明:随着围压的增大,应力门槛值均呈非线性增长态势,当围压超过17 MPa时,裂纹起始应力、裂纹破坏应力分别增加48.5%和20.1%,茅口灰岩延性开始增强;裂纹破坏应力为峰值强度的64%~75%,三轴压缩下茅口灰岩裂隙不稳定发展阶段较长;环向应变值随围压增大而增大,当轴力超过裂纹破坏应力进入裂隙不稳定发展阶段,环向应变增大2.7~3.2倍,用环向-轴向应力应变曲线图能较好的反映岩石应力门槛值。     

不同纤维替代自密实混凝土梁中抗剪箍筋的试验研究

通过对一系列有箍筋和无箍筋自密实混凝土简支梁在两点对称集中荷载作用下的受剪试验分析,研究了纤维类型、纤维掺量以及配箍率等变化参数对混凝土梁斜截面受力性能的影响,并分析了用钢纤维和混杂纤维部分替代抗剪箍筋的可能性。试验梁加载时采用位移控制。结果表明,适量的钢纤维和混杂纤维能够部分替代混凝土梁中的箍筋。当箍筋和混杂纤维共同作用时可显著提高自密实混凝土梁的极限剪力、荷载峰值后的剩余承载能力以及韧性。混杂纤维能够改变按构造要求配置箍筋的混凝土梁的破坏形态,使梁从脆性的剪切破坏转为延性的弯曲破坏。     

不同围压和层理下板岩三轴蠕变试验及损伤模型研究

为了研究围压和层理对板岩三轴蠕变特性的影响,制备了最大主应力方向与层理夹角为 0°和 90°的 2 组岩样( 0°为平行组; 90°为垂直组) ,分别进行 5 MPa、10 MPa、15 MPa 围压下的三轴蠕变试验。结果显示: 板岩在三轴应力条件下的蠕变具有瞬时弹性阶段、稳定蠕变阶段、加速蠕变阶段这三个阶段特征; 在同一围压下,垂直组试样加载级数大于平行组岩样加载级数; 垂直组试样的瞬时弹性应变高于平行组试样; 垂直组试样的累计蠕变应变均低于平行组试样。计算长期强度与峰值强度的比值得到垂直组试样的强度损伤低于平行组试样; 围压越高,试样蠕变变形越小,峰值强度和长期强度越高。基于 Kachanov 蠕变损伤理论,考虑层理角度的损伤,引进一个弹塑性损伤元件,建立了描述不同层理角度板岩蠕变过程的改进西原模型,用该模型对试验数据进行拟合,结果表明: 模型能够较好地反映蠕变三阶段; 垂直组试样的弹性模量、黏滞系数比平行组试样相对较大,蠕变参数基本随着围压的增大而增大,体现了围压效应,这与试验结果相吻合。     

主动围压下岩石爆炸动态响应数值模拟

针对深部岩石在爆破作用下的失效机理和破坏过程,基于ANSYS/LSDYNA软件,在水平方向和竖直方向进行围压约束来模拟岩石受到的地应力作用。选取单向围压、等值双向围压和非等值双向围压对中心孔爆破下岩石动态响应进行研究。将数值模拟结果与模型实验结果对比,分析爆炸应力波的传播过程,并讨论了不同围压约束对爆炸后裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明,初始围压作用对爆炸应力波的传播影响较小;初始围压会抑制爆破裂纹扩张;竖直方向围压主要抑制水平方向裂纹扩张,水平方向围压主要抑制竖直方向裂纹扩张。     

碳酸盐岩气藏岩电参数试验研究

为了提高储层参数的精度,针对某区块碳酸盐岩岩心开展试验研究,根据试验分析结果提供更为准确的测井资料解释模型.讨论在不同含水饱和度及围压条件下岩心电阻率的变化规律,并探讨围压对岩心电阻率的影响机理.     

Experimental and theoretical studies on the ultimate bearing capacity of geogrid-reinforced sand

Geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) structures have gained popularity in replacing concrete rigid piles as abutments to support medium or small-spanned bridge superstructures in recent years. This study conducted 13 model tests to investigate the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass when sand was used as backfill soil. The GRS mass was constructed and loaded to failure under a plane strain condition. Test results were compared with two analytical solutions available in literature. This study also proposed an analytical model for predicting the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. The failure surface of the GRS mass was described by the Rankine failure surface. The effects of compaction and reinforcement tension were equivalent to increased confining pressures to account for the reinforcing effects of the geosynthetic reinforcement. The proposed model was verified by the results of the model tests conducted in this study and reported in literature. Results indicated that the proposed model was more capable of predicting the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass than the other two analytical solutions available in literature. The proposed model can be used to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of GRS structures when sand was used as backfill material. In addition, a parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects of friction angle of backfill soil, reinforcement spacing, reinforcement strength, and reinforcement stiffness on the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass calculated with and without compaction effects. Results showed that the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass was significantly affected by the friction angle of backfill soil, reinforcement spacing and strength. Compaction effects resulted in an increase in the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass.